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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of standardization in intelligence tests?
What is the main purpose of standardization in intelligence tests?
- To limit the test population
- To establish norms for interpreting individual scores (correct)
- To measure a narrow range of abilities
- To enhance the test's complexity
Which factor describes the consistency of results in an intelligence test?
Which factor describes the consistency of results in an intelligence test?
- Interpretation
- Validity
- Standardization
- Reliability (correct)
Who proposed the concept of 'G Factor' in intelligence?
Who proposed the concept of 'G Factor' in intelligence?
- Louis L. Thurstone
- Jean Piaget
- Charles Spearman (correct)
- Howard Gardner
What is the nature of the normal curve in relation to IQ scores?
What is the nature of the normal curve in relation to IQ scores?
According to Howard Gardner's theory, what defines intelligence?
According to Howard Gardner's theory, what defines intelligence?
What does validity in a test measure?
What does validity in a test measure?
Which psychologist argued that intelligence consists of seven distinct abilities?
Which psychologist argued that intelligence consists of seven distinct abilities?
In the context of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, which task measures performance score?
In the context of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, which task measures performance score?
What is primarily assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)?
What is primarily assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)?
What is a key misconception about intelligence according to current psychological theories?
What is a key misconception about intelligence according to current psychological theories?
How did Binet's observations contribute to the concept of mental age?
How did Binet's observations contribute to the concept of mental age?
What does the IQ score represent in Terman's adaptation of Binet’s test?
What does the IQ score represent in Terman's adaptation of Binet’s test?
What was a significant finding of Terman’s longitudinal research on gifted children?
What was a significant finding of Terman’s longitudinal research on gifted children?
Which of the following is NOT one of the subtests included in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale?
Which of the following is NOT one of the subtests included in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale?
According to Wechsler, which factors play a role in influencing IQ scores?
According to Wechsler, which factors play a role in influencing IQ scores?
What did Wechsler's intelligence tests primarily measure?
What did Wechsler's intelligence tests primarily measure?
The concept of 'mental age' was developed to help identify what?
The concept of 'mental age' was developed to help identify what?
Which characteristic was NOT noted about Terman's 'genius' IQ children?
Which characteristic was NOT noted about Terman's 'genius' IQ children?
What term did Terman use to describe his adaptation of Binet’s intelligence test?
What term did Terman use to describe his adaptation of Binet’s intelligence test?
What was the purpose of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale when it was designed?
What was the purpose of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale when it was designed?
Flashcards
Reliability
Reliability
The ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions.
Validity
Validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
Normal Curve
Normal Curve
A bell-shaped distribution of individual differences in a normal population, where most scores cluster around the average.
G Factor (General Intelligence)
G Factor (General Intelligence)
A general intelligence factor responsible for a person's overall performance on tests of mental ability.
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Intelligence as a cluster of abilities (Thurstone)
Intelligence as a cluster of abilities (Thurstone)
Intelligence is a cluster of abilities rather than a single, general ability. Seven different primary mental abilities, relatively independent elements of intelligence.
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Multiple Intelligences (Gardner)
Multiple Intelligences (Gardner)
Intelligence is the ability to solve problems or create products that are valued within a particular culture.
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Standardization
Standardization
The administration of a test to a large, representative sample of people under uniform conditions to establish norms.
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WISC
WISC
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, designed to assess the intelligence of children aged 6 to 16 (revised in 1991 and 2003).
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Intelligence Test
Intelligence Test
A test designed to assess an individual's cognitive abilities and potential.
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Adaptation
Adaptation
The process of adapting a test to a specific population or culture.
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Intelligence
Intelligence
The ability to think logically, solve problems, and adapt to new situations effectively.
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IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
A score obtained on an intelligence test that reflects a person's mental abilities compared to others in their age group.
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Mental Age
Mental Age
A measure of intelligence that compares an individual's mental abilities to those of others at the same age.
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Terman's Gifted Children Study
Terman's Gifted Children Study
A longitudinal study by Lewis Terman following gifted children with high IQs to understand how intelligence impacts life success.
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Verbal Score (Wechsler Scale)
Verbal Score (Wechsler Scale)
The ability to understand and use language effectively, including vocabulary, comprehension, and verbal reasoning.
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Performance Score (Wechsler Scale)
Performance Score (Wechsler Scale)
The ability to solve problems visually and spatially, including tasks like assembling objects and manipulating shapes.
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Multiple Intelligences
Multiple Intelligences
The idea that intelligence encompasses a variety of cognitive abilities, not just a single, general factor.
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
A standardized intelligence test designed for adults, measuring different aspects of cognitive function and providing separate verbal and performance scores.
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Influence of Environmental Factors on Intelligence
Influence of Environmental Factors on Intelligence
The idea that intelligence is not solely determined by genetics but can be influenced by factors like motivation, personality, and cultural experiences.
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Intelligence Definition
- David Wechsler defined intelligence as the overall ability to think rationally, act purposefully, and effectively interact with the environment.
Development of Intelligence Tests
- Alfred Binet, with Theodore Simon, developed procedures to identify students needing extra help.
- They created tests measuring various mental abilities, focusing on basic skills like memory, attention, and understanding similarities/differences.
Mental Age
- Mental age measures an individual's intellectual level by comparing their abilities to the average abilities of a particular age group.
IQ Scores and the Stanford-Binet Scale
- Lewis Terman adapted Binet's tests in the US, creating the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale.
- Scores are expressed as an IQ.
- IQ is a global measure evaluating an individual's performance relative to others in the same group.
High IQ and Success
- Terman's research on gifted children (IQ above 140) showed a correlation with social adjustment and physical health.
- However, high intelligence is not a guarantee of success in all aspects of life.
- High IQ does predict academic success, but success beyond school is influenced by other factors.
Wechsler's Contributions
- David Wechsler emphasized the multifaceted nature of intelligence.
- He recognized personality, motivation, and cultural factors as variables affecting IQ scores.
- He designed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale specifically for adults.
- The scale features subtests assessing different intellectual skills resulting in overall verbal and performance scores.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale (Verbal Score)
- The verbal score assesses vocabulary, comprehension, knowledge of general information, and other verbal tasks.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale (Performance Score)
- The performance score evaluates skills like identifying missing parts in incomplete pictures, arranging pictures to tell a story, and arranging blocks to match patterns.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
- The WISC-III and subsequent revisions (WISC-IV) are designed to assess intelligence in children aged 6 to 16.
Principles of Intelligence Test Construction
- Standardized tests, applying consistent procedures and norms to a large representative group.
- Reliable tests producing similar results across multiple administrations under identical conditions.
- Valid tests accurately measuring what they are designed to measure.
Standardization in Intelligence Testing
- Standardization involves administering a test to a large, representative sample under consistent conditions.
- This procedure establishes norms against which individual scores are compared and interpreted.
- IQ tests typically follow a normal distribution (bell curve).
The Normal Curve
- A bell-shaped distribution of individual differences in a normal population, where most scores cluster around the average.
Reliability and Validity
- Reliability refers to a test's consistency in producing similar results under the same conditions.
- Validity refers to a test's accuracy in measuring what it is intended to assess.
Nature of Intelligence
- Psychologists disagree on the basic nature of intelligence; some believe it is a single general ability, while others see it as a combination of skills, talents, and aptitude.
Intelligence Theories
- Charles Spearman proposed "g" factor (general intelligence) influencing overall mental ability.
- Louis Thurstone argued for multiple primary mental abilities as distinct elements of intelligence.
- Howard Gardner proposed multiple intelligences encompassing diverse skills and talents.
- Robert Sternberg identified analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence as vital aspects.
Genetics and Environment in Intelligence
- Both genetics and environmental factors play a role in developing intelligence.
- Twin studies reveal significant correlations in IQ scores among identical twins raised together, slightly reduced correlations for identical twins raised separately.
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