Assessing Intelligence through IQ Testing

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Questions and Answers

Chapter 9 of the book 'Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding 2/e' is about ______ & IQ TESTING

INTELLIGENCE

Francis Galton (1822-1911) was interested in what makes people smart, focusing on ______ abilities

SENSORY

Galton believed that people with better ______ acquire more knowledge

SENSES

Measures of sensory ability were only weakly related to ______

INTELLIGENCE Signup and view all the answers

An example given is that a deaf & blind person might become a brilliant ______

AUTHOR Signup and view all the answers

The chapter discusses the ______ and theories of Intelligence

DEFINITION Signup and view all the answers

Adopted black children by white families score higher in IQ tests than ______

black children raised in economically enriched environments Signup and view all the answers

The greatest discrepancies in IQ scores occur when comparing ______

individuals Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive ability assessments developed in the United States may implicitly reflect North American ______

values, customs, traditions Signup and view all the answers

Culture-fair IQ tests consist of abstract-reasoning items that don’t depend on ______

language Signup and view all the answers

The average IQ of the population has been rising by about 3 points every 10 years, known as the ______

Flynn Effect Signup and view all the answers

The Flynn Effect is most likely the result of ______

environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

The Flynn Effect is attributed to increased complexity of the modern world, better nutrition, and changes at home and school such as smaller families and spending more years at ______

school Signup and view all the answers

Raven’s Progressive Matrices was developed by John C. Raven and is designed for children aged ______

5-11 years old Signup and view all the answers

The Flynn Effect suggests that the average person today gets more items correct on IQ tests than the average person did several generations ______

ago Signup and view all the answers

The Flynn Effect is likely influenced by the increased complexity of the modern world, better nutrition, and changes at home and school, such as smaller families and spending more years at ______

school Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with intellectual disabilities are entitled to a full education under the ______

Education for All Handicapped Children Act and the 222 Law in Turkey Signup and view all the answers

People with intellectual disabilities are entitled to education and training in the least restrictive environment, including ______ and full inclusion

mainstreaming Signup and view all the answers

The 2% segment of the population known as the intellectually gifted have IQ scores above ______

130 Signup and view all the answers

Women and men differ in intelligence: women are better at verbal tasks, facial recognition, understanding expressions, and arithmetic calculation; men are better at ______, mathematical tasks involving complex reasoning and geometry

spatial ability Signup and view all the answers

African-Americans and Hispanic Americans score lower than Caucasians on average IQ tests, while Asian-Americans score ______

higher Signup and view all the answers

Jews have a slightly higher average IQ than ______

non-Jews Signup and view all the answers

Herrnstein and Murray's book 'The Bell Curve' suggested that IQ differences between racial groups are ______, but this is a controversial view

genetic Signup and view all the answers

Racism plays a role in the racial gap in intellectual ______

development Signup and view all the answers

Environmental factors, such as good water and light, can positively impact intellectual development, while minimal water and light can negatively impact ______

it Signup and view all the answers

Economically disadvantaged groups, such as Blacks, have a larger racial gap in intellectual ______

development Signup and view all the answers

Causes of intellectual disabilities are both biological and ______

environmental Signup and view all the answers

Intellectual disabilities come in various forms: Mild: IQ of 55 to 69; 90% of all people with intellectual disabilities; able to hold jobs and ______

families Signup and view all the answers

______ developed the first intelligence test in 1904 for the French government to identify children requiring special educational assistance

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon Signup and view all the answers

Their test consisted of diverse items measuring ______, which was then converted to an Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

mental age Signup and view all the answers

IQ is a person's mental age relative to their ______

chronological age Signup and view all the answers

Bell-Shaped Distribution illustrates IQ scores, with ______ as the average

100 Signup and view all the answers

In 1916, Lewis Terman modified and standardized the ______, which is still used today

Stanford-Binet IQ Test Signup and view all the answers

Robert Yerkes used intelligence tests during World War I to place soldiers into suitable positions based on their ______

cognitive abilities Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a widely-used IQ test for those 16 and older, consisting of 15 subtests measuring various cognitive abilities

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Signup and view all the answers

The Wonderlic Personnel Test is a brief employment assessment test, measuring basic ______

verbal and numerical abilities Signup and view all the answers

The Otis Self-Administering Test of Mental Ability is a test for students, measuring ______

mathematical ability, language competency, and vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children assesses intelligence in younger children, and includes subtests for ______

verbal comprehension, visual-spatial ability, and processing speed Signup and view all the answers

Computerized habilitats testing offers tailored testing and quick results, but requires a ______

large number of test items and calibration Signup and view all the answers

Extremes of intelligence include intellectual disabilities, characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, affecting about ______

1-3% of the population Signup and view all the answers

Intelligence tests must have both ______ to accurately measure cognitive abilities

reliability and validity Signup and view all the answers

Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence proposes a ______ that underlies all cognitive abilities

general intelligence factor (g) Signup and view all the answers

Spearman also identified ______ such as verbal, mechanical, numerical, and spatial intelligence, which are influenced by both nature and nurture

specific abilities (S) Signup and view all the answers

Raymond Cattell and John Horn proposed two types of intelligence: ______

fluid intelligence (logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities) and crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge and skills) Signup and view all the answers

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests there are separate domains of intellectual abilities, including ______

linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal Signup and view all the answers

Stenberg's triarchic model of intelligence identifies ______

analytical (logical reasoning), practical (real-world problem solving), and creative (novel idea generation) intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Brain size and efficiency are associated with intelligence, with ______ being linked to higher intelligence in some studies

larger brain sizes and thinner cortices Signup and view all the answers

Reaction time and memory performance are also related to intelligence, with ______ being indicative of higher intelligence

quicker reaction times and better memory performance Signup and view all the answers

The history of intelligence assessment includes early efforts to measure intelligence through ______

sensory perception and reaction time tests, and the controversial use of IQ tests for eugenics purposes, including forced sterilization of marginalized groups Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

o Intelligence is a complex construct with various definitions and meanings, including success in hunting skills, business life, and wisdom o Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence proposes a general intelligence factor (g) that underlies all cognitive abilities o Spearman also identified specific abilities (S) such as verbal, mechanical, numerical, and spatial intelligence, which are influenced by both nature and nurture o Raymond Cattell and John Horn proposed two types of intelligence: fluid intelligence (logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities) and crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge and skills) o Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests there are separate domains of intellectual abilities, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal o Stenberg's triarchic model of intelligence identifies analytical (logical reasoning), practical (real-world problem solving), and creative (novel idea generation) intelligence o Brain size and efficiency are associated with intelligence, with larger brain sizes and thinner cortices being linked to higher intelligence in some studies o Reaction time and memory performance are also related to intelligence, with quicker reaction times and better memory performance being indicative of higher intelligence o The history of intelligence assessment includes early efforts to measure intelligence through sensory perception and reaction time tests, and the controversial use of IQ tests for eugenics purposes, including forced sterilization of marginalized groups.

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Description

Learn about the history and concept of intelligence testing, including the development of IQ tests by Alfred Binet and Thedore Simon in 1904. Explore how IQ is calculated and its correlation with mental age and chronological age, and understand the significance of deviation IQ for different age groups.