Psychology Chapter on Hunger and Relationships

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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what typically occurs before an individual seeks higher-level goals?

Higher-level goals are always sought before fulfilling basic needs

An individual will prioritize higher-level goals when they can't meet basic needs.

Basic needs should be satisfied. (correct)

An individual will skip basic needs if focusing on higher goals.

What was a finding of the study where men's food intake was cut in half?

The men had a decreased interest in food.

The men's motivations and planning for the future decreased

The men became obsessed with food. (correct)

The men did not change their eating habits.

What physiological change is detected by liver sensors to initiate hunger?

Increase in peptides sent into bloodstream

Increase in stored nutrients

Decrease in blood glucose levels (correct)

Increase in blood glucose levels

What process stops the feeling of hunger?

Distention of the stomach and intestines and detection of peptides. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating hunger?

It sends out both appetite-stimulating and appetite-suppressing hormones. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the connection between the hypothalamus and Prader-Willi Syndrome?

It is related to dysfunction of the hypothalamus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of receptors throughout the digestive system related to hunger?

They monitor glucose levels and send signals to the hypothalamus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a signal of hunger?

Peptides being sent into the bloodstream. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT directly cited as a cultural factor contributing to increased weight?

Genetic predispositions to obesity (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which attachment style is characterized by distrust of others and avoidance of close relationships?

Avoidant (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the 'proximity effect' in the context of love and relationships?

Geographically close individuals are more likely to form relationships. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the primary contrast between how men and women tend to express love?

Women are more likely to express love verbally, while men express it through actions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is described as a key characteristic of 'companionate love'?

Deeply felt affection and trust. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, with respect to body image, in certain cultures, fatness in women may be seen as a sign of:

Sexual desirability (D) Signup and view all the answers

The 'similarity effect' in relationships suggests that people are most often attracted to others who are:

Similar in looks, attitudes, and beliefs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What two neurotransmitters or hormones are mentioned regarding their involvement in pleasure and reward, in the context of mother-baby and adult bonds?

Oxytocin and endorphins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the content, what is a possible consequence of cultural ideals for women becoming increasingly thinner?

Shift in weight norms that impacts women's self-perception (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of components is most associated to describe 'love' according to the provided information?

Passion, intimacy and commitment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory states that physiological responses to an event are interpreted by individuals as emotions?

James-Lange Theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Facial-feedback theory suggest about facial expressions?

They both express emotions and enhance emotional arousal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of emotions, what is the primary role of cognitive functions?

To help retrieve and organize memories. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Schachter and Singer’s Two-Factor Theory, what primarily determines the emotion experienced?

The interpretation of the physiological reaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does cognitive appraisal play according to Lazarus's cognitive-mediational theory?

It mediates between environmental stimuli and emotional reactions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of people to whom Herb's STI could spread based on the given scenario?

511 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT correlated with sexual restraint according to the provided information?

Regular exercise habits (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension is NOT part of the definition of sexual orientation?

Career choice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of females is estimated to have a homosexual orientation?

1.4% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What factor is mentioned as having little to no support regarding sexual preference origins?

Parenting behaviors (A), Childhood abuse (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sexual orientation and mental health mentioned in the information?

Homosexual individuals are more likely to be depressed regardless of societal acceptance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does being born after a brother have on sexual orientation in men?

It increases the likelihood of being gay. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In certain species, homosexual behavior is documented. Which of the following species is known for high rates of such interactions?

Pygmy chimpanzees (D) Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical difference is observed on average between heterosexual men and gay men?

The size of a specific cell cluster in the hypothalamus (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Alfred Adler, besides food and sex, what do people need to thrive?

Community and connection. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the need to belong help build according to the content?

Self-esteem. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative outcome of the need to belong?

Changing appearance for acceptance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can social networking influence connection according to the content?

It may become a compulsive behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can make work feel more fulfilling beyond just earning money?

Achieving personal goals and a sense of calling. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the tension between personal needs and social needs?

There is a balance between 'me' and 'us'. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Middle English, to be wretched refers to what condition?

Being without kin nearby. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the set point in relation to body weight?

A genetically influenced weight range for an individual (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to an individual's eating behavior?

The amount of exercise performed daily (B) Signup and view all the answers

How much of the variation in body mass is accounted for by genetics?

40-70% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What adaptive significance does developing a taste for salt and spice have in warm climates?

They preserve food from decomposition (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals develop a food aversion?

They had an unpleasant experience related to the food (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which health problems are linked to obesity?

Heart problems and diabetes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about body fat?

All body fat is unhealthy and should be lost (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which taste preference is considered universal?

Preference for carbohydrates (B) Signup and view all the answers