Psychology Chapter on Human Development

Questions and Answers

What may result from unresolved fixation during childhood?

Disorganization and chaos in adulthood (correct)

Binge eating and smoking (correct)

Excessive cleanliness and control

Perfectionism and orderliness

What characterizes the anal stage of development?

Peer relationships

Exploration of personal values

Focus on sexual interests

Awareness of bowel control (correct)

What is the primary focus during the phallic stage of development?

Creating a sense of independence

Consistency of care from caregivers

Sexual interests and gender identity (correct)

Peer relationships and comparison

Which stage involves the conflict of trust versus mistrust?

Infancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of children in the initiative versus guilt stage?

Gaining independence and asserting control Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does a child start to compare themselves to peers?

Latency stage Signup and view all the answers

What forms of identity crisis did Erikson describe during adolescence?

Severe and prolonged identity confusion Signup and view all the answers

What does the ego identity represent in Erikson's theory?

Conscious sense of self Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during the oral stage of Freud’s psychosexual development?

Pleasure derived from oral activities Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mind does the Superego represent according to Freud's theory?

Moral conscience and internalized cultural norms Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of fixation during the oral stage?

Difficulty in trusting others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories focuses primarily on the role of reinforcement in behavior?

Behaviorism Signup and view all the answers

Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the role of which of the following in human development?

Social influence and crisis resolution Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud identify as the primary drive for the ID in his structural model of the psyche?

Pleasure and satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological theory focuses on the internalization of cultural norms through parental identification?

Psychoanalytic Theory Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Freud's levels of consciousness, which level consists of memories that can be accessed through association?

Preconscious Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Outline Overview

Human behavior dynamics and stages of human development are elucidated through various psychological theories.
Management of individuals with mental and personality disorders is integral to understanding human behavior.
Victimization analysis includes roles, profiling, and cybercrime victimization.
Evaluation of victim protection strategies outlined in legislative acts RA 9262 and RA 6891.

Human Development

Progressively evolves through maturation and life experiences.
Encompasses patterns of change and constancy over the lifespan.

Psychological Theories on Human Development

Psychoanalytic Theories

Define moral behavior through the internalization of cultural norms via parental identification.

Sigmund Freud

Recognized as the father of psychoanalysis, introducing the psychoanalytic theory.
Proposes criminality arises from an imbalance among ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.
- ID: Instinctual drives; operates on the pleasure principle; resides in the unconscious.
- EGO: Rational gateway to action; follows the reality principle; conscious awareness.
- SUPEREGO: Represents morality and conscience.
Divided consciousness into three awareness levels:
- Conscious: Known mental processes and sensations.
- Preconscious: Accessible memories hindering immediate awareness.
- Unconscious: Hidden traumatic events subject to repression.

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Stages

Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months): Focuses on oral stimulation; trust and comfort are developed. Potential fixation leads to issues like binge eating or smoking.
Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years): Awareness of bowel control with two outcomes:
- Anal Retentive: Perfectionism and obsession with order.
- Anal Expulsive: Disorganization and chaos.
Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years): Sexual identity formation; introduces Oedipus and Electra complexes.
Latency Stage (5/6 years to puberty): Emphasis shifts to peer relationships; foundational social skills developed.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Focuses on the impact of social experiences throughout the human lifespan.
Development of ego identity involves continuous adaptation through social interactions.

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): Infants depend on caregivers; develops hope.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood): Children exert control over skills; fosters will.
Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age): Children take initiative in social interactions; concept of purpose emerges.
Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age): Self-comparison with peers; develops worth.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Exploration of self and identity forms; experiences identity crises.

Identity Crisis Forms

Severe Identity Crisis: Overwhelming identity confusion, causing significant anxiety.
Prolonged Identity Crisis: Ongoing reassessment of childhood identity leads to confusion about future paths.

This framework helps articulate the multifaceted dimensions of human psychology and developmental challenges across the lifespan.

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Description

This quiz explores the dynamics of human behavior and development through various psychological theories, including psychoanalytic perspectives. It also discusses the management of mental disorders and victimization analysis as outlined in significant legislative acts. Test your understanding of these concepts and their applications in real-world scenarios.