Podcast
Questions and Answers
What may result from unresolved fixation during childhood?
What may result from unresolved fixation during childhood?
- Disorganization and chaos in adulthood (correct)
- Binge eating and smoking (correct)
- Excessive cleanliness and control
- Perfectionism and orderliness
What characterizes the anal stage of development?
What characterizes the anal stage of development?
- Peer relationships
- Exploration of personal values
- Focus on sexual interests
- Awareness of bowel control (correct)
What is the primary focus during the phallic stage of development?
What is the primary focus during the phallic stage of development?
- Creating a sense of independence
- Consistency of care from caregivers
- Sexual interests and gender identity (correct)
- Peer relationships and comparison
Which stage involves the conflict of trust versus mistrust?
Which stage involves the conflict of trust versus mistrust?
What is the main concern of children in the initiative versus guilt stage?
What is the main concern of children in the initiative versus guilt stage?
During which stage does a child start to compare themselves to peers?
During which stage does a child start to compare themselves to peers?
What forms of identity crisis did Erikson describe during adolescence?
What forms of identity crisis did Erikson describe during adolescence?
What does the ego identity represent in Erikson's theory?
What does the ego identity represent in Erikson's theory?
What is the primary focus during the oral stage of Freud’s psychosexual development?
What is the primary focus during the oral stage of Freud’s psychosexual development?
Which part of the mind does the Superego represent according to Freud's theory?
Which part of the mind does the Superego represent according to Freud's theory?
What is a potential consequence of fixation during the oral stage?
What is a potential consequence of fixation during the oral stage?
Which of the following theories focuses primarily on the role of reinforcement in behavior?
Which of the following theories focuses primarily on the role of reinforcement in behavior?
Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the role of which of the following in human development?
Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the role of which of the following in human development?
What does Freud identify as the primary drive for the ID in his structural model of the psyche?
What does Freud identify as the primary drive for the ID in his structural model of the psyche?
Which psychological theory focuses on the internalization of cultural norms through parental identification?
Which psychological theory focuses on the internalization of cultural norms through parental identification?
In the context of Freud's levels of consciousness, which level consists of memories that can be accessed through association?
In the context of Freud's levels of consciousness, which level consists of memories that can be accessed through association?
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Study Notes
Course Outline Overview
- Human behavior dynamics and stages of human development are elucidated through various psychological theories.
- Management of individuals with mental and personality disorders is integral to understanding human behavior.
- Victimization analysis includes roles, profiling, and cybercrime victimization.
- Evaluation of victim protection strategies outlined in legislative acts RA 9262 and RA 6891.
Human Development
- Progressively evolves through maturation and life experiences.
- Encompasses patterns of change and constancy over the lifespan.
Psychological Theories on Human Development
Psychoanalytic Theories
- Define moral behavior through the internalization of cultural norms via parental identification.
Sigmund Freud
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Recognized as the father of psychoanalysis, introducing the psychoanalytic theory.
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Proposes criminality arises from an imbalance among ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.
- ID: Instinctual drives; operates on the pleasure principle; resides in the unconscious.
- EGO: Rational gateway to action; follows the reality principle; conscious awareness.
- SUPEREGO: Represents morality and conscience.
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Divided consciousness into three awareness levels:
- Conscious: Known mental processes and sensations.
- Preconscious: Accessible memories hindering immediate awareness.
- Unconscious: Hidden traumatic events subject to repression.
Freud’s Psychosexual Development Stages
- Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months): Focuses on oral stimulation; trust and comfort are developed. Potential fixation leads to issues like binge eating or smoking.
- Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years): Awareness of bowel control with two outcomes:
- Anal Retentive: Perfectionism and obsession with order.
- Anal Expulsive: Disorganization and chaos.
- Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years): Sexual identity formation; introduces Oedipus and Electra complexes.
- Latency Stage (5/6 years to puberty): Emphasis shifts to peer relationships; foundational social skills developed.
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Focuses on the impact of social experiences throughout the human lifespan.
- Development of ego identity involves continuous adaptation through social interactions.
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
- Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): Infants depend on caregivers; develops hope.
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood): Children exert control over skills; fosters will.
- Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age): Children take initiative in social interactions; concept of purpose emerges.
- Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age): Self-comparison with peers; develops worth.
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Exploration of self and identity forms; experiences identity crises.
Identity Crisis Forms
- Severe Identity Crisis: Overwhelming identity confusion, causing significant anxiety.
- Prolonged Identity Crisis: Ongoing reassessment of childhood identity leads to confusion about future paths.
This framework helps articulate the multifaceted dimensions of human psychology and developmental challenges across the lifespan.
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