Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the psychological system?
What is the purpose of the psychological system?
It mobilizes our biological and social resources to attain goals and avoids danger.
What separates psychology from other major systems of psychosocial functioning?
What separates psychology from other major systems of psychosocial functioning?
Goal attainment.
Who developed the first major theory of personality?
Who developed the first major theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud.
What drives all human behavior according to the concept of libido?
What drives all human behavior according to the concept of libido?
What is the cornerstone of contemporary psychoanalysis?
What is the cornerstone of contemporary psychoanalysis?
What does the pleasure principle refer to?
What does the pleasure principle refer to?
What component of personality operates on the pleasure principle?
What component of personality operates on the pleasure principle?
What type of thinking is the psychic energy of the id limited to?
What type of thinking is the psychic energy of the id limited to?
What is the aggressive drive in living animals?
What is the aggressive drive in living animals?
What does the ego help us avoid?
What does the ego help us avoid?
What principle brings individual pleasure into the boundaries of reality?
What principle brings individual pleasure into the boundaries of reality?
What is secondary process thinking?
What is secondary process thinking?
Ego is defined by its _________ that represent the way a person adapts to their environment.
Ego is defined by its _________ that represent the way a person adapts to their environment.
What provides moral guidance that helps balance the drives associated with the id?
What provides moral guidance that helps balance the drives associated with the id?
What is the goal of the id?
What is the goal of the id?
What is the goal of the superego?
What is the goal of the superego?
According to Freud, _____________ is the most important determinant of moral conduct.
According to Freud, _____________ is the most important determinant of moral conduct.
What influences moral conduct as discussed by the superego?
What influences moral conduct as discussed by the superego?
What involves internalized mental representations of conduct that are subject to punishment?
What involves internalized mental representations of conduct that are subject to punishment?
What represents the mental representation of conduct that is positively valued by the environment?
What represents the mental representation of conduct that is positively valued by the environment?
What is psychoanalytic theory based on?
What is psychoanalytic theory based on?
During which stage does oral development occur?
During which stage does oral development occur?
What developmental stage follows early childhood?
What developmental stage follows early childhood?
What occurs at the genital stage?
What occurs at the genital stage?
________ _________ development is critical to personality development.
________ _________ development is critical to personality development.
Who was interested in explaining development from birth through death?
Who was interested in explaining development from birth through death?
What seeks to explain growth and maturity in relation to social expectations?
What seeks to explain growth and maturity in relation to social expectations?
The fundamental issue in Erikson's developmental sequence is how individuals define their sense of __________.
The fundamental issue in Erikson's developmental sequence is how individuals define their sense of __________.
How should each of Erikson's 8 stages be viewed?
How should each of Erikson's 8 stages be viewed?
Which of the following are weaknesses of Erikson's theory? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are weaknesses of Erikson's theory? (Select all that apply)
Who is considered the father of behaviorism?
Who is considered the father of behaviorism?
What does behaviorism reject?
What does behaviorism reject?
What did the Albert experiment conclude about children's fears?
What did the Albert experiment conclude about children's fears?
What is classical conditioning?
What is classical conditioning?
What defines operant conditioning?
What defines operant conditioning?
What is reinforcement?
What is reinforcement?
What is punishment in behavioral terms?
What is punishment in behavioral terms?
What is negative reinforcement?
What is negative reinforcement?
What occurs during extinction in operant conditioning?
What occurs during extinction in operant conditioning?
Skinner's theory of operant conditioning provides understanding for how ___________ takes place.
Skinner's theory of operant conditioning provides understanding for how ___________ takes place.
Who is Bandura?
Who is Bandura?
What is observational learning?
What is observational learning?
What does social learning theory combine?
What does social learning theory combine?
According to social learning theory, _________ are critical in the development of personality.
According to social learning theory, _________ are critical in the development of personality.
What is self-efficacy?
What is self-efficacy?
What do cognitive psychologists investigate?
What do cognitive psychologists investigate?
What is sensation?
What is sensation?
What does perception refer to?
What does perception refer to?
What is cognition?
What is cognition?
Who is Piaget?
Who is Piaget?
What does Piaget believe about human development?
What does Piaget believe about human development?
What is adaptation in Piaget's theory?
What is adaptation in Piaget's theory?
What is schema?
What is schema?
Assimilation is the part of adaptation that involves ___________.
Assimilation is the part of adaptation that involves ___________.
Accommodation involves ___________ what we think.
Accommodation involves ___________ what we think.
What is organization in Piaget's theory?
What is organization in Piaget's theory?
What does Piaget's theory of cognitive development explain?
What does Piaget's theory of cognitive development explain?
What term describes Piaget's approach as a structuralist?
What term describes Piaget's approach as a structuralist?
What is the sensorimotor period?
What is the sensorimotor period?
What is the preoperations period?
What is the preoperations period?
What is the concrete operations period?
What is the concrete operations period?
What is the formal operational period?
What is the formal operational period?
What do Berrick and Gilbert argue?
What do Berrick and Gilbert argue?
Preoperational children do not understand __________.
Preoperational children do not understand __________.
Who is Kohlberg?
Who is Kohlberg?
What did Aristotle believe about a virtuous person?
What did Aristotle believe about a virtuous person?
What concerns arise regarding virtue as a theory?
What concerns arise regarding virtue as a theory?
What did Darley and Batson's experiment illustrate?
What did Darley and Batson's experiment illustrate?
What is Turiel's domain theory of moral development?
What is Turiel's domain theory of moral development?
The goal of most human information processing approaches is to understand how __________ enter perceptual awareness.
The goal of most human information processing approaches is to understand how __________ enter perceptual awareness.
What does information processing examine?
What does information processing examine?
What do newer connectionists and PDP models assume about knowledge?
What do newer connectionists and PDP models assume about knowledge?
What is perception-based knowledge?
What is perception-based knowledge?
Study Notes
Psychological System
- A psychological system mobilizes biological and social resources to achieve goals, protect from danger, and organize thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Sigmund Freud
- Developed foundational personality theory emphasizing early childhood experiences as critical in shaping adult personality.
- Introduced concepts for studying the unconscious through clinical manifestations.
Libido and Pleasure Principle
- Libido represents the energy driving all human behavior, focused on the pursuit of pleasure.
- The pleasure principle refers to the immediate satisfaction of urges.
Structure of Personality
- The id is instinctual and operates on the pleasure principle, storing psychic energy with irrational and illogical thinking.
- The ego acts as the rational decision-maker, balancing the id's desires with reality through the reality principle.
- The superego provides moral guidance, shaped by societal and familial standards, emerging between ages 3-5.
Defense Mechanisms
- Defense mechanisms evolve through development stages - psychotic, immature, neurotic, and mature.
- Includes various strategies like repression (unconscious conflict removal), projection (attributing feelings externally), and sublimation (redirecting impulses to socially acceptable actions).
Erik Erikson
- Critiqued Freud for limiting personality development focus to early years; emphasized lifelong development across eight psychosocial stages.
- Central to Erikson’s stages is identity formation, with successful navigation of crises leading to ego strength.
Behaviorism
- Introduced by John Watson, positing that behavior is learned and observable, with individuals seen as blank slates at birth.
- Key figures include B.F. Skinner, who emphasized operant conditioning and the impact of reinforcement on behavior.
Cognitive Development
- Piaget's theory outlines stages of cognitive growth: sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations, emphasizing the role of schemas and adaptation (assimilation and accommodation).
- Understanding perception and cognition, including sensation, involves interpreting sensory input and employing mental processes.
Observational Learning and Social Learning Theory
- Albert Bandura’s research highlights learning through observing role models, introducing self-efficacy as a key factor in performance.
- Social learning theory integrates cognitive processes, observing others, and the impact of consequences on learning.
Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg critiqued traditional views on moral education, proposing a stage theory of moral reasoning.
- Domain theory of moral development posits separate systems for moral, conventional, and personal domains.
Information Processing
- Focuses on understanding how information is processed from stimuli to responses, emphasizing the stages of uptake, selection, coding, and storage.
- Knowledge is conceptualized as connections between units in the brain, reflecting both perceptual and cognitive elements.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Sigmund Freud's personality theory, including the roles of the id, ego, and superego. This quiz will test your understanding of libido, the pleasure principle, and the psychological system that drives human behavior. Delve into how childhood experiences shape adult personality.
