Psychology Chapter on Depth Perception and Vision

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What does interposition suggest about the relative position of two overlapping objects?

The object that is obscuring appears farther away.
The object in front is always moving.
The object that is obscured is perceived as closer.
The obscured object is seen as being farther away. (correct)

What role does relative height play in depth perception?

Objects lower in the field are always considered closer.
Objects higher in the field are seen as warmer.
Height determines the color intensity of the objects.
Height in the visual field provides a cue for perceived distance. (correct)

How does binocular disparity help in perceiving depth?

It creates equal images in both eyes for depth estimation.
It shows the exact location of nearby objects.
It highlights the colors between distant objects.
It combines images from both eyes into a single view. (correct)

What is the main difference between change blindness and inattentional blindness?

Change blindness is related to distractions, while inattentional blindness involves a lack of attention to unexpected stimuli. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of greater disparity for closer objects?

Observing your finger shift against a background while switching eye focus. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rods in the eye?

To enable vision in low-light conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the fovea?

It is the area of highest visual acuity due to densely packed cones. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of events from light entry to signal transmission in the eye?

Light hits photoreceptors, alters neurotransmitter release, generates graded potential, transmits to ganglion cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do cones enable color perception?

They have photopigments that react to specific wavelengths of light. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the blind spot in the retina?

It is where the optic nerve exits the eye, lacking photoreceptors. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is described as the ability to perceive more than three colors?

The mixing of signals from different types of cones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the membrane potential of rods and cones when they detect light?

It becomes hyperpolarized, leading to a decrease in neurotransmitter release. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are S-cones primarily sensitive to in terms of light wavelengths?

Short wavelengths, mainly corresponding to the color blue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What wavelength range do M-cones primarily respond to?

530 nm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the principle of closure in Gestalt psychology?

Recognizing a circle that is not fully drawn (A) Signup and view all the answers

In opponent process theory, selecting between which pairs of colors is emphasized?

Red-Green (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a color afterimage effect when looking at a colored object for a prolonged period?

Fatigue of the specific cones occurs (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the principle of simplicity (Prägnanz) affect visual perception?

Encourages the recognition of complex images as simple forms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a monocular depth cue?

Interposition (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do feature detectors in the brain specifically respond to?

Particular attributes of visual stimuli (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that elements that share similar characteristics are perceived as a group?

Similarity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Relative size perception hinges on what fundamental understanding?

Smaller size indicates greater distance from the observer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect defines figure-ground perception in visual processing?

Separating an object from its background (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of linear perspective?

Parallel lines converge in the distance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of perceptual constancy?

To maintain stable perception despite varying stimuli (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does texture gradient contribute to visual depth perception?

Detailed textures indicate proximity to the observer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What principle of Gestalt psychology promotes the idea that objects moving together form a single entity?

Common Fate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do cones play in vision?

They enable sharp central vision and color perception. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about accommodation is correct?

It is the process by which the eye focuses light on the retina. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do we experience a blind spot in our vision?

Due to the absence of photoreceptors where the optic nerve exits. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are neural signals generated in photoreceptors?

Through a change in the membrane potential triggered by chemical reactions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of vision do rods primarily support?

Scotopic vision with low-light sensitivity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when light strikes photoreceptors in the retina?

Chemical changes in photopigments trigger neurotransmitter release. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fovea's primary function in vision?

It is the area responsible for sharp central vision. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cones respond to medium wavelengths of light?

M-Cones respond to medium wavelengths. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do humans perceive a wider range of colors beyond the inherent limitations of three cone types?

Through a combination of cone responses and neural processing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a color afterimage and why does it occur?

An effect caused by prolonged exposure to a color leading to color fatigue. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which visual phenomenon occurs due to the fatigue of photoreceptors after prolonged fixation on a colored object?

Color Afterimage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle suggests that we perceive competing visual stimuli as a singular object when they share direction and movement?

Common Fate (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the linear perspective cue contribute to depth perception?

By illustrating how parallel lines converge (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which depth cue relies on the observation that familiar objects appear smaller as their distance increases?

Relative Size (D) Signup and view all the answers

What principle of Gestalt psychology allows us to perceive incomplete shapes as whole figures?

Closure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which visual processing theory encompasses both the trichromatic theory and the opponent process theory?

Dual-Channel Processing Theory (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role do feature detectors play in the visual processing of stimuli?

They detect specific features like movement and orientation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which Gestalt principle states that elements that are near each other tend to be grouped together?

Proximity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the feature detector in the brain NOT respond to?

Emotional responses (C) Signup and view all the answers

In perceptual constancy, how do we maintain the perception of an object's size despite changes in distance?

Through previous knowledge of the object's actual size (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does binocular disparity primarily allow the brain to compute?

The distance and depth of objects (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does interposition contribute to depth perception?

By showing overlapping objects to suggest distance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does relative height have on the perception of objects?

Objects lower on the horizon are perceived as farther away (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes change blindness?

Being unaware of changes in a scene due to distractions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does greater disparity in binocular vision indicate?

The object is perceived as closer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of depth perception is stereopsis primarily concerned with?

The brain's interpretation of image disparities (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is inattentional blindness defined?

Failure to observe visual elements when focused on a task (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the position of an object play in relative height perception?

Determines whether the object is closer or farther away (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key difference between change blindness and inattentional blindness?

Change blindness focuses on changes, whereas inattentional blindness is about unexpected stimuli (A) Signup and view all the answers

What visual cue would typically suggest that an object is farther away?

Greater overlap with other objects (D) Signup and view all the answers

Accommodation (Eye)

The eye adjusting its lens shape to focus light on the retina for clear vision at different distances

Rods vs. Cones

Rods: Low-light, no color; Cones: Bright light, color vision