Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is considered to be the most effective single piece of advice for someone experiencing depression?
What is considered to be the most effective single piece of advice for someone experiencing depression?
Which of the following models takes a simplistic view, suggesting that emotional distress is caused purely by biological or genetic factors?
Which of the following models takes a simplistic view, suggesting that emotional distress is caused purely by biological or genetic factors?
What two types of conditioning are central to behavioural therapy?
What two types of conditioning are central to behavioural therapy?
Which therapy model emphasizes the role of thoughts in determining feelings and behaviors?
Which therapy model emphasizes the role of thoughts in determining feelings and behaviors?
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Who is acknowledged as the founder of psychodynamic therapy?
Who is acknowledged as the founder of psychodynamic therapy?
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What approach do clinicians take when trying to understand mental illness?
What approach do clinicians take when trying to understand mental illness?
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Which two types of therapy have the strongest evidence bases?
Which two types of therapy have the strongest evidence bases?
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What aspect of therapeutic relationship did Freud emphasize as important?
What aspect of therapeutic relationship did Freud emphasize as important?
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What did John Watson assert about human psychology?
What did John Watson assert about human psychology?
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In Pavlov's experiment, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
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What role does the clicking metronome play in Pavlov's experiment after conditioning?
What role does the clicking metronome play in Pavlov's experiment after conditioning?
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What was the primary conclusion from Watson and Rayner's Little Albert experiment?
What was the primary conclusion from Watson and Rayner's Little Albert experiment?
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Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?
Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?
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What was Little Albert's initial reaction to the stimuli presented in the experiment?
What was Little Albert's initial reaction to the stimuli presented in the experiment?
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What aspect of behaviorism was highlighted by Pavlov's dog experiments?
What aspect of behaviorism was highlighted by Pavlov's dog experiments?
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Which of the following conditions were associated with the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?
Which of the following conditions were associated with the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?
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Study Notes
Advice for Depression
- Exercise is strongly linked to reduced symptoms of depression, supported by research findings.
Models of Psychological Therapy
- Four foundational therapy models: Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioural, and Cognitive Behavioural.
Biological Model
- Suggests emotional distress arises from biological/genetic factors, such as neurotransmitter deficits (e.g., serotonin, dopamine).
- Importance of a biopsychosocial approach, considering biological, psychological, and social influences on mental health.
Psychodynamic Therapy
- Founded by Sigmund Freud, recognized as the father of clinical psychology.
- Emphasizes the significance of therapist-client feelings, a concept still vital in mental health practice today.
Behavioural Therapy
- Focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal processes.
- Grounded in classical and operant conditioning principles.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- Extends behavioural therapy by highlighting the impact of thoughts and cognitions on emotions and behaviors.
- Both behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapies have strong empirical support for effectiveness.
Behaviourism
- Began in 1913 with John Watson's publication "Psychology as the Behaviourist Views It."
- Postulates that all human psychology can be explained through classical conditioning processes.
Pavlov's Experiment
- Demonstrated classical conditioning through his work with dogs, linking unconditioned (natural) responses to conditioned stimuli.
- Unconditioned stimulus: meat powder; unconditioned response: salivation.
- Dogs salivated not only to meat, but also to associated stimuli (e.g., sounds related to food delivery).
Classical Conditioning
- Pavlov trained dogs to salivate in response to a neutral stimulus (clicking metronome) by pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus (meat powder).
- After repeated pairings, the metronome alone elicited the salivating response, demonstrating classical conditioning.
Human Responses to Conditioning
- Questioned whether conditioning principles apply to humans; explored in the ethically controversial Little Albert experiment.
- Conducted by Watson and Rayner in 1920, demonstrated conditioned fear responses in a child (Little Albert) through exposure to a white rat paired with a loud noise.
- Initially, Little Albert showed no fear to the rat, but learned to associate it with fear due to the unconditioned stimulus (loud noise).
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Description
Explore the links between exercise and depression, and delve into the four foundational models of psychological therapy: Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioural, and Cognitive Behavioural. This quiz covers key concepts from each model and their relevance in mental health treatment.
