Psychology Chapter on Crisis Intervention

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Questions and Answers

What type of crises are related to inner conflicts about purpose and independence?

Developmental crises

Ecosystemic crises

Existential crises (correct)

Situational crises

Which theorist is known for the Psychosocial Development Theory?

Sigmund Freud

Daniel Levinson

Erik Erikson (correct)

Donald Blocher

Which of the following example best represents ecosystemic crises?

A hurricane destroying homes (correct)

Unemployment due to a recession

Unresolved personal conflicts

A midlife crisis

What is the primary focus of crisis intervention?

Restoration of a previous state of equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Which crisis model involves understanding the cognitive aspects of a crisis?

Cognitive model Signup and view all the answers

What type of crisis is indicated by failing to meet developmental tasks?

Developmental crises Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist introduced the concept of Positive Adult Development?

Daniel Levinson Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of crisis as characterized by Brammer?

Personal crises Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the interpersonal theory in crisis intervention?

To enhance personal self-esteem and openness Signup and view all the answers

How long does a crisis typically last, according to Caplan's research?

Six weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which type of counseling group, as identified by Caplan, focuses on immediate and preventive measures?

Primary or guidance Signup and view all the answers

What type of crises involve uncommon and extraordinary events?

Situational crises Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of developmental crises?

Graduation and retirement Signup and view all the answers

What does chaos theory suggest about crises?

Crises have underlying patterns and characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a developmental crisis?

Sudden death Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the interpersonal theory of crisis intervention?

Accurate empathy and unconditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

What did Lindemann identify as a key component in dealing with grief crises?

Grief work and readjustment to the environment Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did Caplan expand upon in crisis intervention theory?

Grief responses to include traumatic events Signup and view all the answers

Which theory broadens the understanding of crises by considering environmental context?

Ecosystems Theory Signup and view all the answers

In Adaptational Theory, what is identified as sustaining a crisis?

Maladaptive behaviors and negative thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What was Lindemann's primary focus in his contributions to crisis intervention?

Preventive intervention in grief and loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main objective of grief work as proposed by Lindemann?

To emancipate oneself from the deceased's influence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the expanded crisis theory?

Cognitive-behavioral theory Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a pioneer in the development of systems theory in the context of crisis intervention?

Ludwig von Bertalanffy Signup and view all the answers

What limitation did the expanded crisis theory address in the basic crisis theory?

Lack of integration with various psychological theories Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Basic Crisis Intervention Theory?

Consideration of interrelationships among people and events Signup and view all the answers

According to psychoanalytic theory, what is viewed as a significant factor in crises?

Childhood fixation and past emotional experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is essential for a successful crisis intervention?

Establishing a positive relationship with the affected individual Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of crisis is highlighted by Janosik's (1984) theoretical framework?

Crisis response is influenced by individual context Signup and view all the answers

What role do predisposing factors play in psychoanalytic treatment approaches for crisis?

They are one of many contributors to crisis and psychopathologies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the nature of a crisis?

It is defined as an overwhelming event affecting individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Equilibrium Model in crisis intervention?

Stabilizing individuals until they regain coping abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is associated with the development of the ACT Model?

Cochran Signup and view all the answers

The Cognitive Model in crisis intervention emphasizes which of the following?

Recognition and dispute of irrational thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the Equilibrium Model?

It is designed for individuals who are out of control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the ACT Model?

To generate alternatives and develop plans during crises Signup and view all the answers

Who are notable theorists associated with the Cognitive Model?

Beck, Ellis, and Meichenbaum Signup and view all the answers

The Playbook/Game Plan Model involves which of the following strategies?

Assessing verbal and nonverbal behavior Signup and view all the answers

In the context of crisis intervention, which statement aligns with the Cognitive Model's premise?

Crises are linked to faulty thinking rather than events themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Eclectic/Integrated Crisis Intervention Theory?

Collaboration with clients in assessing crises Signup and view all the answers

Which theorists are influential in the Eclectic/Integrated Crisis Intervention Theory?

Adler, Erikson, and Minuchin Signup and view all the answers

What does the Developmental-Ecological Model emphasize in crisis intervention?

Continuous learning and adaptability Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of crises according to the Eclectic/Integrated Crisis Intervention Theory?

They are unique but share common elements Signup and view all the answers

The Contextual-Ecological Model focuses on which aspect of a crisis?

Layered impacts based on proximity and perception Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Psychological First Aid?

Immediate intervention after disasters Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes the importance of skill and experiential knowledge in crisis intervention?

Developmental-Ecological Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Eclectic/Integrated approach in crisis intervention?

Balancing uniqueness with common therapeutic elements Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Crisis Intervention

Crisis intervention is a short-term technique to reduce lasting harm from a crisis
A crisis is an overwhelming event (e.g., divorce, violence, death, illness)
Successful intervention involves understanding the situation, building a relationship, discussing events, and providing emotional support

Theories of Crisis and Crisis Intervention

No single theory explains all aspects of human crisis or intervention
Crisis theories are viewed on basic, expanded, and applied levels
Lindemann's work on grief focused on normal grief reactions responding to short-term intervention
Caplan expanded Lindemann's work to include traumatic events beyond grief

Erich Lindemann

Known for preventive intervention, especially in grief, loss, and crisis.
Introduced the concept of "grief work" for recovery, focusing on detaching from the deceased, adjusting to the environment, and forming new connections.

Gerald Caplan

His research showed crises are temporary, lasting around six weeks
Identified primary (guidance), secondary (counseling), and tertiary (therapy) levels of counseling

Expanded Crisis Theory

Developed due to the limitations of basic theory
Integrates psychoanalytic, systems, ecosystems, adaptational, interpersonal, chaos, and developmental theories
Synopsizes major components of an extended view

Psychoanalytic Theory

Lindemann's crisis approach incorporated into unconscious thoughts and past emotional experiences.
Early childhood fixations were explanations for crises
Current treatment considers predisposing factors as influencing factors

Systems Theory

Focuses on interrelationships and interdependence among people and events
Crisis viewed as a system of communication and need fulfillment
Shift from client-focus to contextual perspectives

Ecosystems Theory

Broadens the base of the system to consider environmental context
Looks at crises in the larger social and environmental contexts
Analyzes issues beyond the individual impact

Adaptational Theory

Crises are sustained by maladaptive behaviors, negative thoughts, and destructive defense mechanisms.
Adaptive behaviors are crucial in overcoming crises
Intervention helps clients change old habits for positive, self-enhancing ones

Interpersonal Theory

Emphasizes personal growth through dimensions of self-esteem
Highlights openness, trust, sharing, empathy, and safety in relationships

Chaos Theory

Applied to crisis intervention as a dynamic, self-organizing system
Focuses on how seemingly random events have underlying patterns.

Developmental Theory

Crises are rooted in specific developmental stages (Erikson, Levinson, Blocher).
Failure to successfully navigate stages can lead to crises.

Developmental Crises

Events in the normal course of life that cause abnormal responses
Examples include birth, graduations, midlife changes, retirement, and aging.
Considered normal but individual differences exist

Situational Crises

Unexpected, often sudden, intense occurrences (e.g., natural disasters, accidents, illnesses, death)

Existential Crises

Inner conflicts related to purpose, responsibility, freedom
Examples include realizing career goals aren't met, feeling remorse, experiencing meaninglessness

Ecosystemic Crises

Natural or human-caused disasters affecting groups or individuals
Examples are hurricanes, epidemics, wars, economic downturns, and environmental disasters.

Crisis Intervention Models

Equilibrium model: focuses on restoring pre-crisis state
Cognitive model: centers on faulty thinking patterns
Psychosocial transition model: views crises through individual and environmental factors
Developmental-ecological model: considers developmental stages, environment, and individual assessment
Context-ecological model: analyzes layered impact on individuals

Psychological First Aid (PFA)

Immediate crisis intervention after disasters/terrorism.
Focuses on contact, safety, comfort, stabilization, gathering information, practical assistance, social support, and coping strategies.

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Description

Test your understanding of crises and intervention strategies in psychology with this quiz. Questions cover theorists, types of crises, and frameworks important in crisis intervention. Assess your knowledge on developmental tasks and the cognitive aspects of crises.