Disaster and Mental Health PSY113 Past Paper PDF 2024-2025

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND DISASTER AND MENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES MAPUA MALAYAN COLLEGES PSY113 MINDANAO A.Y 2024 – 2025 FIRST TERM CHAPTER 3_...

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND DISASTER AND MENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES MAPUA MALAYAN COLLEGES PSY113 MINDANAO A.Y 2024 – 2025 FIRST TERM CHAPTER 3_ THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION MODELS CRISIS INTERVENTION EXPANDED CRISIS THEORY “Crisis intervention is a short-term management technique Developed due to the limitations of basic theory, designed to reduce potential permanent damage to an which relied on a psychoanalytic approach. individual affected by a crisis. A crisis is defined as an Integration of psychoanalytic theory, systems overwhelming event, which can include divorce, theory, ecosystems theory, adaptational theory, violence, the passing of a loved one, or the discovery of a interpersonal theory, chaos theory, and serious illness. A successful intervention involves developmental theory. obtaining background information on the patient, Synopses of major theoretical components in an establishing a positive relationship, discussing the events, expanded view. and providing emotional support.” PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY - (WANG, 2023) Lindemann's disequilibrium viewed through THEORIES OF CRISIS AND CRISIS INTERVENTION gaining access to unconscious thoughts and past emotional experiences. No single theory encompasses every view of Psychoanalytic theory presupposes early human crisis or crisis intervention. childhood fixation as the primary explanation for Overview of theories relevant to both crisis as a crisis. phenomenon and crisis intervention as a helping Current treatment approaches consider response. predisposing factors as one of many contributors Janosik (1984) conceptualizes crisis theory on to psychopathologies. three levels: basic, expanded, and applied SYSTEMS THEORY BASIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY Focus on interrelationships and interdependence among people and events. Lindemann's (1944, 1956) contributions to crisis Crisis as a system of communications and need intervention. fulfillment. Lindemann focused on grief crises and Shift from traditional client-focused approaches to emphasized that grief responses are normal and contextual perspectives. amenable to short-term intervention. -Ludwig von Bertalanffy Caplan (1964) expanded Lindemann's constructs ECOSYSTEMS THEORY to traumatic events beyond grief. Differentiating basic crisis theory from brief Broadens the base of the system, considering therapy. environmental context. Examines crises in relation to total social and ERICH LINDEMANN environmental settings. Lindemann is most known for his work in Value in looking at crises beyond individual preventive intervention, particularly with impact, especially in large-scale disasters. subjects of grief, loss, and other forms of crisis. -Urie Bronfenbrenner The way to recover the self, was through ADAPTATIONAL THEORY something called “grief work, namely, Crisis sustained through maladaptive behaviors, emancipation from the bondage to the negative thoughts, and destructive defense deceased, readjustment to the environment in mechanisms. which the deceased is missing, and the Shift to adaptive behaviors as a means of formation of new relationships.” overcoming crisis. Interventionist helps clients replace old, GERALD CAPLAN debilitating behaviors with new, self-enhancing Caplan's work identified that crises are time ones. limited — his research demonstrated that a crisis -Jean Piaget will tend to last for a period of around six weeks. divided counseling groups into three types - primary or guidance, secondary or counseling, and tertiary or therapy. PSY113 THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION MODELS DEMI JUNIYAH HERNANDEZ  COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND DISASTER AND MENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES MAPUA MALAYAN COLLEGES PSY113 MINDANAO A.Y 2024 – 2025 FIRST TERM CHAPTER 3_ THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION MODELS INTERPERSONAL THEORY DEVELOPMENTAL CRISES Built on dimensions enhancing personal Events in the normal flow of human growth self-esteem. producing abnormal responses. Emphasizes openness, trust, sharing, safety, Examples include birth of a child, graduation, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, midlife career change, retirement, and aging and genuineness. process. Goal is to return the power of self-evaluation to Considered normal but unique to each individual. the person. -Harry Stack Sullivan SITUATIONAL CRISES CHAOS THEORY Emerges with uncommon and extraordinary Chaos theory applied to human functioning in events that are random, sudden, shocking, crisis intervention. intense, and often catastrophic. Evolutionary, open-ended, self-organizing system Examples include terrorist attacks, accidents, where experimentation is essential. kidnappings, job loss, and sudden illness and Chaos in crises isn't random; it has underlying death. patterns. EXISTENTIAL CRISES DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY Inner conflicts and anxieties related to issues of Crises rooted in developmental stages; failure to purpose, responsibility, independence, freedom, meet tasks may lead to problems. and commitment. Influences from theorists such as Erikson, Examples include the realization of unfulfilled Levinson, and Blocher. professional impact, remorse for life choices, and External crises feeding into developmental crises feelings of life meaninglessness. may reach a breaking point. ECOSYSTEMIC CRISES Occur when natural or human-caused disasters THEORISTS affect individuals or groups through no fault of their own. 1. Erik Erikson Examples include hurricanes, epidemics, war, Psychosocial Development Theory economic depression, and environmental Neo-Freudian disasters. 2. Daniel Levinson Consideration of the total impact on the Positive Adult Development environment. 3. Donald Blocher Developmental Counseling CRISIS INTERVENTION APPLIED CRISIS THEORY MODELS Brammer's characterization of three domains: Definition normal developmental, situational, and existential - Crisis intervention involves strategies and crises. methodologies to help individuals in a state of Addition of ecosystemic crises in the context of psychological or emotional disequilibrium. the ecosystem theory perspective. - Three basic models (Leitner, 1974; Belkin, 1984): Each domain requires unique assessment and 1. Equilibrium handling. 2. Cognitive 3. Psychosocial Transition. LAWRENCE MARTIN BRAMMER - Additional models: Developmental-Ecological, Most famous for his “Helping Relationship” Contextual-Ecological. A distinguished professional in the field of psychology. PSY113 THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION MODELS DEMI JUNIYAH HERNANDEZ  COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND DISASTER AND MENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES MAPUA MALAYAN COLLEGES PSY113 MINDANAO A.Y 2024 – 2025 FIRST TERM CHAPTER 3_ THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION MODELS EQUILIBRIUM MODEL ACT MODEL (ASSESSMENT, CRISIS THERAPY) Description: Focuses on stabilizing individuals in Developed by: Roberts (2005). crisis and restoring precrisis equilibrium. Stages: Crisis assessment, establishing rapport, Purpose: Applied in the early stages of crisis identifying major problems, dealing with feelings, when the person is disoriented and out of control. generating and exploring alternatives, developing Main Goal: Stabilization until the person regains plans, providing follow-up. coping abilities. Applicability: Traumatic events and behavioral - Notable Theorists: Caplan (1961), Lindemann (1944) emergencies. COGNITIVE MODEL PLAYBOOK/GAME PLAN MODEL Premise: Crises rooted in faulty thinking rather Developed by: Sam Cochran (Memphis Police than the events themselves. Department CIT). Goal: Help individuals change views and beliefs Applicability: Crisis intervention for emotionally about crisis events. distraught individuals. Emphasis: Recognition and dispute of irrational Strategy: Assessment of verbal and nonverbal thoughts, focus on rational thinking. behavior, development of a game plan for -Theorists: Ellis (1962), Beck (1976), Meichenbaum de-escalation. (1977). Eclectic/Integrated Crisis Intervention Theory PSYCHOSOCIAL TRANSITION MODEL Approach: Systematic selection and integration of valid concepts from various therapeutic Assumption: People are products of genes and approaches. learned experiences from their social Emphasis: Task orientation, identifying valid environments. elements, continuous experimentation. Goal: Collaborate with clients in assessing -Notable Concepts: All crises are unique yet share global internal and external difficulties contributing to the elements, consideration of individual, cultural, and crisis. situational factors. Emphasis: Change in behaviors, attitudes, and use of resources for autonomous control. TO NOTE: -Influential Theorists: Adler, Erikson, Minuchin. Eclectic/integrated approach: Balancing DEVELOPMENTAL-ECOLOGICAL MODEL uniqueness and commonality in crisis Developed by: Collins and Collins (2005). intervention. Integration of: Developmental stages, Emphasis on continuous learning, assessment, environment, and individual assessment. and adaptability for effective crisis intervention. Emphasis: Considering situational crisis in Importance of skill, intuition, and experiential relation to the individual's developmental stage. knowledge in crisis intervention. CONTEXTUAL-ECOLOGICAL MODEL Developed by: Myer and Moore (2006). Focus: Contextual elements of the crisis, considering layered impact based on proximity, perception, and meaning. Premises: Impact influenced by primary and secondary relationships, time factors. PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID Definition: Immediate crisis intervention provided in the aftermath of disasters and terrorist attacks. Components: Contact and engagement, safety and comfort, stabilization, information gathering, practical assistance, connection with social supports, information on coping, linkage with collaborative services. PSY113 THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION MODELS DEMI JUNIYAH HERNANDEZ