Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders?
Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders?
What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5-TR?
What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5-TR?
Which neurotransmitter is most strongly linked to schizophrenia?
Which neurotransmitter is most strongly linked to schizophrenia?
Which type of research study tracks the same group of individuals over a long period?
Which type of research study tracks the same group of individuals over a long period?
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Which of the following is an example of a categorical approach to diagnosis?
Which of the following is an example of a categorical approach to diagnosis?
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A 35-year-old woman reports persistent worry about finances, work, and personal relationships for over six months. She experiences restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and muscle tension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 35-year-old woman reports persistent worry about finances, work, and personal relationships for over six months. She experiences restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and muscle tension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 24-year-old man exhibits extreme fluctuations in mood. He has weeks of excessive energy, little sleep, impulsive spending, and increased social activity, followed by weeks of extreme sadness and lack of motivation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 24-year-old man exhibits extreme fluctuations in mood. He has weeks of excessive energy, little sleep, impulsive spending, and increased social activity, followed by weeks of extreme sadness and lack of motivation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Which of the following research methods would best determine if Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) contribute to depression in adulthood?
Which of the following research methods would best determine if Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) contribute to depression in adulthood?
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Which intervention would be most appropriate for a client with PTSD who avoids trauma reminders and has flashbacks?
Which intervention would be most appropriate for a client with PTSD who avoids trauma reminders and has flashbacks?
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A school psychologist is assessing a child with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention across multiple settings. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A school psychologist is assessing a child with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention across multiple settings. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Psychopathology refers only to severe mental disorders.
Psychopathology refers only to severe mental disorders.
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A longitudinal study is best suited for understanding the long-term effects of childhood trauma.
A longitudinal study is best suited for understanding the long-term effects of childhood trauma.
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Schizophrenia is caused exclusively by environmental factors.
Schizophrenia is caused exclusively by environmental factors.
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Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can buffer against the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).
Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can buffer against the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).
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The DSM-5-TR requires a biological test for diagnosing all mental disorders.
The DSM-5-TR requires a biological test for diagnosing all mental disorders.
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A 22-year-old college student reports hearing voices that tell him to avoid his friends. He also believes that his professors are sending him secret messages through lecture slides. His hygiene has declined, and he has withdrawn from social activities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 22-year-old college student reports hearing voices that tell him to avoid his friends. He also believes that his professors are sending him secret messages through lecture slides. His hygiene has declined, and he has withdrawn from social activities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A combat veteran frequently experiences nightmares, avoids crowded places, and has exaggerated startle responses. He also reports constant worrying about finances and relationships. How would you differentiate PTSD from Generalized Anxiety Disorder in this case?
A combat veteran frequently experiences nightmares, avoids crowded places, and has exaggerated startle responses. He also reports constant worrying about finances and relationships. How would you differentiate PTSD from Generalized Anxiety Disorder in this case?
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A 30-year-old woman grew up in a home where she witnessed domestic violence, suffered emotional neglect, and had parents with substance use issues. Now, she struggles with trust in relationships, experiences chronic anxiety, and has difficulty regulating emotions. Which framework best explains the long-term effects of her early life experiences?
A 30-year-old woman grew up in a home where she witnessed domestic violence, suffered emotional neglect, and had parents with substance use issues. Now, she struggles with trust in relationships, experiences chronic anxiety, and has difficulty regulating emotions. Which framework best explains the long-term effects of her early life experiences?
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A 40-year-old man with major depressive disorder has not responded well to SSRIs and psychotherapy. His depression is severe, and he has suicidal thoughts. Which treatment option would be considered next?
A 40-year-old man with major depressive disorder has not responded well to SSRIs and psychotherapy. His depression is severe, and he has suicidal thoughts. Which treatment option would be considered next?
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A clinician is treating a Latinx client with anxiety, who believes their symptoms stem from "nervios" (a culturally recognized concept of distress). The clinician dismisses this and insists on a Western model of anxiety. What is the clinician failing to practice?
A clinician is treating a Latinx client with anxiety, who believes their symptoms stem from "nervios" (a culturally recognized concept of distress). The clinician dismisses this and insists on a Western model of anxiety. What is the clinician failing to practice?
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Study Notes
Biopsychosocial Model
- A framework integrating biological, psychological, and social factors to understand mental illnesses.
DSM-5-TR
- The primary purpose is to classify and diagnose mental disorders using specific criteria.
- It eliminates cultural bias in psychiatric diagnosis.
Schizophrenia and Neurotransmitters
- Dopamine is strongly linked to schizophrenia.
Research Study Types
- Longitudinal study: tracks the same group of individuals over a longer period.
- Case study: in-depth analysis of a single individual.
- Cross-sectional study: examines a group of people at one point in time.
- Experimental study: involves manipulating a variable to examine its effect.
Categorical vs. Dimensional Approach
- Categorical approach classifies disorders into discrete types.
- Dimensional approach measures symptoms on a severity scale.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Persistent worry about multiple aspects of life for over six months
- Symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and muscle tension
Major Depressive Disorder
- Characterized by extreme mood fluctuations.
- The symptoms include weeks of energy, little sleep, impulsive spending, and increased social activity, followed by weeks of extreme sadness, and lack of motivation.
Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs)
- Enhance resilience against negative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).
- Examples include having a stable and supportive caregiver.
Exposure Therapy
- This is a treatment for symptoms stemming from trauma.
- Clinicians help patients confront and gradually overcome memories of trauma.
Cultural Competence
- Clinicians must acknowledge and appreciate cultural differences and influences.
- A culturally competent clinician should recognize and incorporate "nervios" (a culturally recognized concept of distress) when treating Latinx patients with anxiety.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- Experiencing ACEs contributes to depression in adulthood.
- Longitudinal studies help understand the long-term effects of childhood trauma.
Comorbidity
- Two or more disorders existing simultaneously in a person.
- Simplifies treatment planning and has an impact on symptom severity.
Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)
- A framework that minimizes re-traumatization and prioritizes safety.
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Description
Explore the key frameworks and concepts in psychology related to mental illnesses, including the biopsychosocial model and the DSM-5-TR classification. Learn about schizophrenia's biological underpinnings, different study types in psychological research, and approaches to understanding anxiety disorders. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics in psychology.
