Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key difference between working memory and short-term memory?
What is a key difference between working memory and short-term memory?
What component of working memory is responsible for holding verbal and auditory information?
What component of working memory is responsible for holding verbal and auditory information?
Which component of working memory allows us to solve visual puzzles or navigate our environment?
Which component of working memory allows us to solve visual puzzles or navigate our environment?
How long can short-term memory typically hold information without rehearsal?
How long can short-term memory typically hold information without rehearsal?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following adequately describes the Central Executive component of working memory?
Which of the following adequately describes the Central Executive component of working memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by the term 'rehearsal' in relation to the Phonological Loop?
What is meant by the term 'rehearsal' in relation to the Phonological Loop?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of working memory according to modern cognitive psychology?
What is the primary function of working memory according to modern cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of working memory is primarily concerned with the storage of information, and how long does this storage last?
Which part of working memory is primarily concerned with the storage of information, and how long does this storage last?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the pre-frontal cortex play in working memory?
What role does the pre-frontal cortex play in working memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following components is NOT part of the working memory model?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the working memory model?
Signup and view all the answers
Which effect describes the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list better than those in the middle?
Which effect describes the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list better than those in the middle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between short-term memory and long-term memory in terms of coding?
What is the primary difference between short-term memory and long-term memory in terms of coding?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to working memory ability when the pre-frontal cortex is damaged?
What happens to working memory ability when the pre-frontal cortex is damaged?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the central executive in working memory?
What is the primary role of the central executive in working memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the recency effect?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the recency effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of memory primarily involves holding information for a very short time?
What type of memory primarily involves holding information for a very short time?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the phonological loop?
Which of the following best describes the phonological loop?
Signup and view all the answers
Neuropsychological studies suggest that damage to which area is most associated with deficits in short-term memory tasks?
Neuropsychological studies suggest that damage to which area is most associated with deficits in short-term memory tasks?
Signup and view all the answers
How does damage to the prefrontal cortex affect working memory?
How does damage to the prefrontal cortex affect working memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of information does the visuospatial sketch pad process?
What type of information does the visuospatial sketch pad process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the serial position effect?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the serial position effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of long-term memory (LTM)?
What is the primary function of long-term memory (LTM)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which phenomenon describes the increased likelihood of recalling the first items in a list?
Which phenomenon describes the increased likelihood of recalling the first items in a list?
Signup and view all the answers
What area of the brain has been shown to be involved in working memory through brain-imaging research?
What area of the brain has been shown to be involved in working memory through brain-imaging research?
Signup and view all the answers
In neuropsychological studies on memory, what task demonstrated working memory capability in monkeys?
In neuropsychological studies on memory, what task demonstrated working memory capability in monkeys?
Signup and view all the answers
What process must information go through to be retrieved from long-term memory?
What process must information go through to be retrieved from long-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recency effect in memory recall?
What is the recency effect in memory recall?
Signup and view all the answers
Which memory effect describes the tendency to remember the first items in a list better than the middle items?
Which memory effect describes the tendency to remember the first items in a list better than the middle items?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of memory is primarily responsible for coding verbal information?
Which component of memory is primarily responsible for coding verbal information?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the recency effect?
Which of the following best describes the recency effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What can limit the efficiency of working memory in processing tasks?
What can limit the efficiency of working memory in processing tasks?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of memory process involves actively manipulating and organizing information to aid in its retention?
Which type of memory process involves actively manipulating and organizing information to aid in its retention?
Signup and view all the answers
What best describes how working memory interacts with long-term memory?
What best describes how working memory interacts with long-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best defines short-term memory (STM)?
Which of the following best defines short-term memory (STM)?
Signup and view all the answers
According to George Miller, what is the typical capacity of short-term memory?
According to George Miller, what is the typical capacity of short-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique can be used to increase the capacity of short-term memory?
What technique can be used to increase the capacity of short-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which effect describes better recall of items at the beginning of a list?
Which effect describes better recall of items at the beginning of a list?
Signup and view all the answers
The Recency Effect is primarily associated with which aspect of memory?
The Recency Effect is primarily associated with which aspect of memory?
Signup and view all the answers
In neuropsychological studies, individuals with hippocampal damage often exhibit problems primarily in which type of memory?
In neuropsychological studies, individuals with hippocampal damage often exhibit problems primarily in which type of memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short-term memory?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of coding is often utilized in short-term memory?
What type of coding is often utilized in short-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary functions of working memory?
What is one of the primary functions of working memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Human Memory: A Definition
- Memory involves retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is gone.
Modal Model of Memory
- Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
- A model depicting the flow of information through memory systems, including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Sensory Memory
- A very brief sensory storage that holds information for seconds.
- Registers all or most incoming sensory information.
- Holds information for a very brief time, often less than a second.
- Iconic memory- visual information
- Echoic memory- auditory information.
Short-Term Memory (STM)
- Holds information for about 15-30 seconds without rehearsal.
- Capacity is limited (approximately 5-9 items)
- Can be improved by "chunking" small items into larger units.
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
- Holds information for years.
- Has a large capacity and a much longer duration than STM.
Serial Position Effect
- Memory for a list of words is better for words at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of the list.
- Primacy effects arise from rehearsal and transfer of items to LTM
- Recency effect is due to items still being in STM
Coding Differences Between STM and LTM
- STM mainly codes information phonologically (sound-based), while LTM codes information semantically (meaning-based).
- Visual coding is possible in both.
- Short-term memory primarily encodes information in terms of sound, while long-term memory codes information in terms of meaning.
Working Memory
- Modern approach to short-term memory
- A limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information (for complex tasks like comprehension and reasoning)
- Consists of three main components.
- Phonological loop (verbal/auditory information- storage and rehearsal)
- Visuospatial sketchpad (visual/spatial information)- temporary storage and manipulation of visual and spatial information
- Central executive (controls and integrates information from different components)
Working Memory in the Brain
- Prefrontal cortex is crucial for working memory involving holding information during a delay period
- Damage to prefrontal cortex leads to difficulty, or impairment in holding information in working memory.
- Other brain areas also play a role.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fascinating concepts of human memory, including its definitions and the different types such as sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Delve into the Modal Model proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin and understand how memory systems work. This quiz will enhance your understanding of how we retain and retrieve information.
