Dual-Store Model of Human Memory
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Dual-Store Model of Human Memory

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Questions and Answers

What is the capacity of the sensory register in the dual-store model of human memory?

  • Very large (correct)
  • Unknown
  • Quite limited
  • Very limited

    • The duration of contents in long-term memory is typically only a few seconds.

    False

    What component of memory is described as having a capacity that is quite limited?

    Working Memory

    In the dual-store model, information in __________ is retained indefinitely.

    <p>long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characteristics with the corresponding components of the dual-store model:

    <p>Sensory Register = Very large capacity, less than a second for visual information Working Memory = Quite limited, few seconds unless regularly refreshed Long-term Memory = Virtually boundless, can be retained indefinitely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects a challenge to the dual-store model?

    <p>Sensory register and working memory might overlap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baddeley suggested that auditory information in working memory can last for a long time without rehearsal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary mechanism through which working memory stores information?

    <p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of working memory in the dual-store model?

    <p>To process information before it moves to long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only one part of the brain is responsible for long-term memory processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of information that can be automatically stored in long-term memory?

    <p>Frequency of words, such as 'bacon' occurring more frequently in the English language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ model suggests that information must first pass through working memory to be stored in long-term memory.

    <p>dual-store</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the memory characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Working Memory = Active, conscious processing of information Long-Term Memory = Storing information over an extended period Implicit Memory = Automatic storage that does not require conscious effort Explicit Memory = Information that is consciously recalled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the serial learning effect?

    <p>Items presented at the beginning and end of a list are recalled better than those in the middle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conscious thought is always necessary for long-term memory storage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might nonconsciously processed information become implicit knowledge?

    <p>Because it is stored automatically without intentional processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common phenomenon observed in serial learning tasks?

    <p>Recall is influenced by the order of items presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Working memory is primarily responsible for the long-term storage of information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to people's ability to recall items at the end of the list when they have to wait before recalling?

    <p>Their ability decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a dual-store model of memory, the initial items in a list are stored in __________ memory.

    <p>long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following memory characteristics to their descriptions:

    <p>Working Memory = Active processing and temporary storage Long-Term Memory = Permanent storage of information Serial Learning Effect = Better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list Recall Interval = Time before retrieval that affects memory performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the serial learning curve?

    <p>It shows improved recall for the first and last items compared to the middle items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slowing down the presentation of a list has no impact on recalling early items.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do researchers suggest happens to middle items in a serial learning task?

    <p>They are often lost due to insufficient processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dual-Store Model of Human Memory

    • Three components: sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory
    • Sensory register: receives information through senses, very large capacity, duration less than a second (visual) and 2-3 seconds (auditory). Information is stored in its original form
    • Working memory: has limited capacity, information persists for a few seconds unless actively rehearsed. Information is processed through attention to sensory register or through cross-communication with long-term memory
    • Long-term memory: virtually boundless capacity, stores information indefinitely

    Challenges to the Model

    • Three components may not be entirely distinct but more like potentially overlapping mechanisms (e.g., sensory register and working memory).
    • Working memory and long-term memory may be aspects of a single mechanism.
    • Active processing in working memory may not be absolutely necessary for storage in long-term memory.
    • Processing speed and recall of serial lists. Initial and final items are recalled faster than middle ones ("primacy" and "recency" effects)
    • Alternative models: single-store, levels-of-processing.

    Different Functions and Parts of the Brain

    • Different parts of the brain are involved in working memory processing/long-term memory storage
    • Difficulty recalling items may be related to problems in the involved area
    • Implication of possible problems with storage or retrieval (single store) versus the distinction of separate functioning parts (dual store)
    • Certain parts of the brain are specialists in different function.

    Memory Storage and Conscious Thought

    • Long-term memory may not always require conscious processing
    • Some information may be automatically stored
    • Non-conscious storage; and unconscious processing aspects.

    Alternative Views of Human Memory

    • Levels-of-processing model: Incoming information is processed at different levels of complexity by a central processor
    • Activation models: emphasize cognitive processes more than structural aspects of memory

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    Related Documents

    Cognitive Perspectives on Memory PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the Dual-Store Model of Human Memory, which outlines the roles of sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory. This quiz will test your understanding of each component's functions, capacities, and duration. Additionally, delve into the challenges to the conventional model and consider how these components interact.

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