Dual-Store Model of Human Memory
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Questions and Answers

What is the capacity of the sensory register in the dual-store model of human memory?

  • Very large (correct)
  • Unknown
  • Quite limited
  • Very limited

The duration of contents in long-term memory is typically only a few seconds.

False (B)

What component of memory is described as having a capacity that is quite limited?

Working Memory

In the dual-store model, information in __________ is retained indefinitely.

<p>long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics with the corresponding components of the dual-store model:

<p>Sensory Register = Very large capacity, less than a second for visual information Working Memory = Quite limited, few seconds unless regularly refreshed Long-term Memory = Virtually boundless, can be retained indefinitely</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects a challenge to the dual-store model?

<p>Sensory register and working memory might overlap. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baddeley suggested that auditory information in working memory can last for a long time without rehearsal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary mechanism through which working memory stores information?

<p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of working memory in the dual-store model?

<p>To process information before it moves to long-term memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only one part of the brain is responsible for long-term memory processes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of information that can be automatically stored in long-term memory?

<p>Frequency of words, such as 'bacon' occurring more frequently in the English language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ model suggests that information must first pass through working memory to be stored in long-term memory.

<p>dual-store</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the memory characteristics with their descriptions:

<p>Working Memory = Active, conscious processing of information Long-Term Memory = Storing information over an extended period Implicit Memory = Automatic storage that does not require conscious effort Explicit Memory = Information that is consciously recalled</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the serial learning effect?

<p>Items presented at the beginning and end of a list are recalled better than those in the middle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conscious thought is always necessary for long-term memory storage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might nonconsciously processed information become implicit knowledge?

<p>Because it is stored automatically without intentional processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common phenomenon observed in serial learning tasks?

<p>Recall is influenced by the order of items presented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Working memory is primarily responsible for the long-term storage of information.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to people's ability to recall items at the end of the list when they have to wait before recalling?

<p>Their ability decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a dual-store model of memory, the initial items in a list are stored in __________ memory.

<p>long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory characteristics to their descriptions:

<p>Working Memory = Active processing and temporary storage Long-Term Memory = Permanent storage of information Serial Learning Effect = Better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list Recall Interval = Time before retrieval that affects memory performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the serial learning curve?

<p>It shows improved recall for the first and last items compared to the middle items. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slowing down the presentation of a list has no impact on recalling early items.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do researchers suggest happens to middle items in a serial learning task?

<p>They are often lost due to insufficient processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Serial Learning Task

A task where people recall a list of items in the order they were presented.

Serial Learning Curve

The pattern of recall, where people recall items at the beginning and end of the list better than those in the middle.

Working Memory

A temporary storage space for actively processed information.

Long-Term Memory

A permanent storage system for information.

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Dual-Store Model

A model of memory that proposes separate systems for working memory and long-term memory.

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Recall Interval

The time between presentation of a list and the attempt to recall it.

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Serial Position Effect

The finding that items at the beginning and end of a list are recalled better than those in the middle.

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Presentation Rate

Speed at which information (e.g., a list in a serial learning task) is presented.

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Working Memory

An active, conscious process involved in temporarily storing and manipulating information.

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Long-Term Memory

A system for storing information for prolonged periods.

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Dual-Store Model

The idea that information must pass through working memory before entering long-term memory.

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Automatic Storage

Storing information in long-term memory without conscious effort.

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Implicit Knowledge

Knowledge that is gained and used without awareness of its source.

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Frequency Information

Data regarding how often something happens, like common English words.

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Serial Position Effect

Brain activity varies based on position of items in a list (beginning vs. end).

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Brain Specialization

Different parts of the brain handle different tasks, but any learning task usually involves several parts.

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Sensory Register

Component of memory receiving information from the senses.

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Working Memory

Limited-capacity memory system for temporary storage and manipulation of information.

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Long-term Memory

Vast capacity memory system for permanent storage.

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Dual-Store Model

Model proposing separate memory components (sensory, working, and long-term).

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Sensory info duration

Visual information typically lasts for less than a second. Auditory can last 2-3 seconds.

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Working memory duration

Short-lived unless actively rehearsed; words can only be held briefly in recall.

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Working & Sensory overlap

Some suggest working and sensory memory are closely tied and/or may not be entirely separate.

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Memory mechanisms

Working memory and long-term memory may be aspects of a single system.

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Study Notes

Dual-Store Model of Human Memory

  • Three components: sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory
  • Sensory register: receives information through senses, very large capacity, duration less than a second (visual) and 2-3 seconds (auditory). Information is stored in its original form
  • Working memory: has limited capacity, information persists for a few seconds unless actively rehearsed. Information is processed through attention to sensory register or through cross-communication with long-term memory
  • Long-term memory: virtually boundless capacity, stores information indefinitely

Challenges to the Model

  • Three components may not be entirely distinct but more like potentially overlapping mechanisms (e.g., sensory register and working memory).
  • Working memory and long-term memory may be aspects of a single mechanism.
  • Active processing in working memory may not be absolutely necessary for storage in long-term memory.
  • Processing speed and recall of serial lists. Initial and final items are recalled faster than middle ones ("primacy" and "recency" effects)
  • Alternative models: single-store, levels-of-processing.

Different Functions and Parts of the Brain

  • Different parts of the brain are involved in working memory processing/long-term memory storage
  • Difficulty recalling items may be related to problems in the involved area
  • Implication of possible problems with storage or retrieval (single store) versus the distinction of separate functioning parts (dual store)
  • Certain parts of the brain are specialists in different function.

Memory Storage and Conscious Thought

  • Long-term memory may not always require conscious processing
  • Some information may be automatically stored
  • Non-conscious storage; and unconscious processing aspects.

Alternative Views of Human Memory

  • Levels-of-processing model: Incoming information is processed at different levels of complexity by a central processor
  • Activation models: emphasize cognitive processes more than structural aspects of memory

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Related Documents

Cognitive Perspectives on Memory PDF

Description

Explore the intricacies of the Dual-Store Model of Human Memory, which outlines the roles of sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory. This quiz will test your understanding of each component's functions, capacities, and duration. Additionally, delve into the challenges to the conventional model and consider how these components interact.

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