Psychology Chapter: Attitudes and Beliefs
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of experiencing cognitive dissonance?

  • Enhanced group cohesion
  • Psychological discomfort and the desire to resolve inconsistencies (correct)
  • Diminished attitude polarization
  • Increased confidence in one's beliefs
  • What best describes attitude polarization?

  • A tendency to find common ground with opposing views
  • The strengthening of initial attitudes when presented with relevant evidence (correct)
  • A decrease in emotional responses to controversial issues
  • The acceptance of evidence from any source
  • Which of the following is NOT a common outcome of maintaining consistency in attitudes?

  • Inner tension when beliefs and behaviors conflict
  • A sense of harmony in one’s cognition
  • Motivated behavior to restore cognitive consistency
  • Increased likelihood to admit when wrong (correct)
  • Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between ingroup and outgroup evidence acceptance?

    <p>People generally accept ingroup evidence more than outgroup evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive dissonance theory suggest people do when they recognize inconsistencies in their thoughts and behaviors?

    <p>Rationalize their behaviors or adjust their attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In social psychology, what motivates individuals to restore consistency between their beliefs and behaviors?

    <p>A belief that inconsistency is unpleasant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation exemplifies attitude polarization at its worst?

    <p>Strongly opposing evidence that contradicts one’s beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly occurs in individuals who have strong initial attitudes toward controversial issues?

    <p>They often experience attitude polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Filter bubbles' primarily refer to?

    <p>Algorithms that predict user preferences based on online behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the A-B problem illustrate in social psychology?

    <p>The gap between general attitudes and specific behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Alan Wicker's conclusion regarding attitudes?

    <p>Attitudes are trivial and do not significantly influence behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did researchers respond to Wicker's critique of attitudes?

    <p>They focused on demonstrating the correlation between attitudes and specific behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the concept of 'behavior aggregation'?

    <p>Combining various behaviors yields a more reliable measure of attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory argues that dissonance in students' thinking can motivate changes in their attitudes?

    <p>Cognitive Dissonance Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does education have on attitudes according to the discussed theories?

    <p>It often creates dissonance and motivates shifts in thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes attitude polarization?

    <p>The strengthening of existing attitudes over time in a uniform way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coping strategy is more commonly used by men when dealing with emotional issues?

    <p>Using humour to lighten the mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of attitudes according to the content?

    <p>To influence how others make choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes automatic attitudes from deliberate attitudes?

    <p>Automatic attitudes are gut-level responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of coping mechanisms, what do women tend to prefer compared to men?

    <p>Shopping or talking to someone about the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do attitudes play in humans according to the information provided?

    <p>They help classify experiences as positive or negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a common misconception about beliefs and attitudes?

    <p>Attitudes are based solely on factual information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'dual attitudes' refer to?

    <p>Holding contrasting views of the same attitude object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason that people develop attitudes?

    <p>To effectively sort experiences into categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attitudes and Beliefs

    • Attitudes are global evaluations towards a particular object.
    • Beliefs, on the other hand, are pieces of information about an object, person, or issue.
    • Attitudes are for choosing while beliefs are for explaining.
    • Both attitudes and beliefs serve interpersonal functions.
      • They can be used to convince or explain things to others.

    Consistency of Attitudes

    • The drive for consistency between different thoughts (cognitions) and between thoughts and behavior is a key component of several social psychology theories.
    • People experience dissonance when their beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent with each other.
    • Most consistency theories have three things in common:
      • They specify conditions required for consistency and inconsistency of cognitions, behaviors, and beliefs.
      • They assume inconsistency is unpleasant and motivates people to restore consistency.
      • They specify conditions necessary to restore consistency.

    Cognitive Dissonance and Attitude Change

    • Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling people experience when they have two thoughts or cognitions that conflict with one another.
    • This discomfort leads individuals to rationalize their behavior or change their attitudes.
    • People want to maintain consistency, so when they catch themselves being inconsistent, they feel bad or uneasy.
      • They rationalize or justify their behavior to align their attitudes with their actions, or vice versa.
    • Filter bubbles on the internet are algorithms that selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on available information, such as past web pages viewed and click behavior.

    Attitudes and Behavior

    • Wicker argued that attitudes are a trivial phenomenon, and do not always cause or predict behavior.
    • Researchers have since defended attitudes, trying to demonstrate a stronger link to behavior.

    General Attitudes and Specific Behaviors

    • The gap between general attitudes and specific behaviors can be significant.
    • For example, a person might be in favor of helping people generally, but may be afraid of needles and therefore unwilling to donate blood.

    Behavior Aggregation

    • Combining many different behaviors on different occasions can help measure a person's attitude towards helping others.
    • A person's attitude towards helping others might be better assessed by a variety of behaviors, rather than a single test, such as giving blood.

    Gender Differences in Mood Regulation

    • Men and women often use different strategies to cope with negative emotions.
    • Men are more prone to rely on alcohol and drugs, humor, and sexual activity to improve their emotional state.
    • Women are more likely to go shopping or call someone to talk about their issues.

    Putting the Cultural Animal in Perspective

    • In humans, emotion is tied to meaning.

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    Description

    Explore the vital concepts of attitudes and beliefs in social psychology. This quiz assesses your understanding of how attitudes influence decisions and the role of beliefs in shaping our perceptions. Delve into consistency theories and the cognitive dissonance that arises when our thoughts and actions clash.

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