Psychology Chapter: Attitudes and Behaviors

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Questions and Answers

What are the three main components of attitudes?

Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral (correct)

Cognitive, Direct, Indirect

Behavioral, Emotional, Rational

Affective, Reflective, Directive

How can cognitive dissonance be defined?

An argument between two individuals

A measure of job satisfaction

A conflict between attitudes and behavior (correct)

An agreement on organizational goals

Which of the following is NOT a major job attitude?

Employee Engagement

Leadership Effectiveness (correct)

Job Satisfaction

Perceived Organizational Support

What does psychological empowerment entail?

Belief in one’s competence and meaningfulness of the job Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that moderates the relationship between attitudes and behavior?

Importance of the elements creating dissonance Signup and view all the answers

What best describes job involvement?

Degree of psychological identification with the job Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organizational commitment involves a wish to maintain membership due to perceived costs of leaving?

Continuance Commitment Signup and view all the answers

Job satisfaction can be defined as:

A positive feeling about the job from evaluating its characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of commitment refers to the economic value of staying with an organization?

Continuance Commitment Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to a higher Perceived Organizational Support (POS)?

Fair rewards and supportive supervisors Signup and view all the answers

How does employee engagement primarily manifest in the workplace?

Through passion for work and company Signup and view all the answers

Which method of measuring job satisfaction involves asking general questions for an overall assessment?

Single global rating method Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of the summation score method of measuring job satisfaction?

It may overlook significant factors. Signup and view all the answers

In which cultural context is job satisfaction notably considered a global concern?

In both Western and Eastern cultures Signup and view all the answers

How does the single global rating method compare to the summation score method in terms of evaluation of job satisfaction?

It captures the essence of job satisfaction effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant influence of Western culture on job satisfaction compared to other cultures?

Greater value placed on positive emotions and happiness Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of work has the strongest correlation with overall job satisfaction?

The Work Itself Signup and view all the answers

Which employee response to dissatisfaction involves actively trying to improve conditions?

Voice Signup and view all the answers

Absenteeism and turnover are generally lower among employees who experience what?

Job Satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of job dissatisfaction?

Organizational Citizenship Behavior Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which factor helps explain the relationship between job satisfaction and OCB?

Fairness Perceptions Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a discretionary behavior that contributes to organizational effectiveness but is not part of formal job descriptions?

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pay-related correlation with job satisfaction after an individual reaches a comfortable living level?

It becomes irrelevant Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the work environment is correlated with how individuals view social interactions at work?

Social Component Signup and view all the answers

How does employee job satisfaction influence customer loyalty?

Satisfied employees are more upbeat and helpful. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism?

Job satisfaction and absenteeism have a weak-to-moderate negative relationship. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does job satisfaction have on turnover rates?

The relationship is stronger for turnover than for absenteeism. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a form of workplace deviance?

Unionization attempts. Signup and view all the answers

What should managers focus on to improve job satisfaction?

Addressing the sources of dissatisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is one likely consequence of dissatisfied employees?

Increased absenteeism. Signup and view all the answers

What managerial action is crucial for managing job satisfaction?

Measuring job satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding satisfied employees?

They contribute to better job and organizational performance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Attitudes

Attitudes can be favorable or unfavorable about people, events, or objects.
Attitudes reflect how one feels about something.

Three Main Components of Attitudes

Cognitive - evaluation.
Affective - feeling.
Behavioral - action.

Attitudes Follow Behavior: Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is inconsistency between behaviors and feelings.
Individuals try to reduce dissonance.

Behavior Follows Attitudes: Moderating Variables

Importance of the dissonance.
Degree of influence the individual believes they have over the elements.
Rewards involved in dissonance.

Major Job Attitudes

Job satisfaction: positive feeling about a job.
Job involvement: identification with a job.
Psychological empowerment: belief in influence over one's job.
Organizational commitment: identification with an organization.
- Affective Commitment: emotional attachment.
- Continuance Commitment: economic value of staying.
- Normative Commitment: moral or ethical obligations.
Perceived organizational support (POS): The degree to which employees believe an organization values their contributions.
Employee engagement: involvement, satisfaction, enthusiasm for the job.

Measuring Job Satisfaction

Two methods are used to measure job satisfaction.
- Single global rating method: a few general job satisfaction questions are asked.
- Summation score method: evaluates key elements of the job and asks for specific feelings about them.
Both methods are valid; the best method for measuring job satisfaction is subjective to the situation.

Global Implications

Job satisfaction is a global concern, however, employees in Western countries place more value on positive emotions and happiness.

What Causes Job Satisfaction?

Work itself: the strongest correlation.
Social component: there is a strong correlation between satisfaction and social surroundings.
Pay: Not correlated after the individual reaches a level of comfortable living.
Advancement: satisfaction level is influenced by advancement opportunities.
Supervision: Positive or negative supervisory relationships can influence satisfaction.
Coworkers: positive relationships with coworkers generally increase satisfaction.

Consequences of Dissatisfaction

Dissatisfaction can lead to either destructive or constructive outcomes.
The responses can be passive or active.

Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction

Exit: Leaving the organization.
Voice: Actively trying to improve conditions.
Neglect: Allowing conditions to worsen.
Loyalty: Waiting passively for improvements.

The Benefits of Satisfaction

Better organizational performance.
Better organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB).
Greater levels of customer satisfaction
Lower absenteeism and turnover.
Decreased instances of workplace deviance.

Satisfied Vs. Dissatisfied Employees

Satisfied:
- Better job and organizational performance
- Better OCB
- Increase customer satisfaction
- Decrease absenteeism and turnover
- Decreased instances of workplace deviance
Dissatisfied:
- Limited productivities
- Lower OCB
- Decrease customer satisfaction
- Increase absenteeism and turnover
- Increase instances of workplace deviance.

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Description

Explore the intricate relationship between attitudes and behaviors in this psychology quiz. Learn about the components of attitudes, cognitive dissonance, and major job attitudes like job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential concepts.