Psychology Chapter 8: ADHD

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Questions and Answers

What are the three age-inappropriate symptoms that characterize attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

How is ADHD typically identified?

By characteristic behaviors that vary from child to child

Who may be affected by the behavior of children with ADHD?

The child, parents, siblings, teachers, and classmates

Why don't increased effort and stricter rules usually help children with ADHD?

Because they are already trying hard, but are prevented by their limited self-control. Signup and view all the answers

What are some negative experiences that children with ADHD may face?

Being blamed, called names, scolded, put down, or spanked, and experiencing hurt, confusion, and sadness Signup and view all the answers

How can ADHD affect an individual's life?

It can severely disrupt an individual's life, consume vast amounts of energy, produce emotional pain, damage self-esteem, and seriously disrupt relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Why do others often think that children with ADHD could do better if they tried harder?

Because of their inconsistent behavior, which may be misinterpreted as a lack of effort. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cumulative negative experiences faced by children with ADHD?

Feelings of frustration, being different, not fitting in, and hopelessness that can overwhelm the child. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant economic impact of ADHD across the lifespan for individuals with ADHD?

The economic impact of ADHD is considerable, with estimated costs for adults with ADHD being nearly two to three times higher than for young people, and additional billions in spillover costs borne by family members. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the German physician who first described the symptoms of ADHD in a 1775 medical textbook?

Melchior Adam Weikard Signup and view all the answers

What were the key symptoms of ADHD described by Sir Alexander Crichton in 1798?

Early onset, restlessness, inattention, and poor school performance. Signup and view all the answers

What was the term used by individuals with ADHD-like symptoms to describe themselves in the 18th century?

The fidgets Signup and view all the answers

What was the underlying cause of ADHD symptoms according to George Still in 1902?

Poor 'inhibitory volition' and 'defective moral control' Signup and view all the answers

What event in the early 20th century led to increased attention on children with ADHD symptoms?

The onset of widespread compulsory education Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for children who developed encephalitis (brain inflammation) and survived it during the 1917-1926 influenza epidemic?

They experienced multiple behavior problems including irritability, impaired attention, and hyperactivity. Signup and view all the answers

What label was initially associated with intellectual disability and later applied to children with ADHD symptoms in the 1940s and 1950s?

Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Description of ADHD

ADHD describes children who display persistent age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that cause impairment in major life activities.
ADHD has no distinct physical symptoms that can be seen in an x-ray or a lab test.
It can only be identified by characteristic behaviors that vary from child to child.
ADHD is a blanket term used to describe several different patterns of behavior that likely have different causes.

Effects of ADHD

ADHD can severely disrupt an individual's life, consume vast amounts of energy, produce emotional pain, damage self-esteem, and seriously disrupt relationships.
The societal costs of ADHD in youth are high, and the estimated costs for adults with ADHD are nearly two to three times higher.
The economic impact of ADHD across the lifespan for individuals with ADHD is considerable.

History of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD were first described in a 1775 medical textbook by German physician Melchior Adam Weikard.
In 1798, Scottish-born physician Sir Alexander Crichton described a syndrome similar to ADHD, including early onset, restlessness, inattention, and poor school performance.
English physician George Still described the symptoms of ADHD as a disorder in 1902, attributing them to poor "inhibitory volition" and "defective moral control".
The onset of widespread compulsory education in the early 1900s further focused attention on children with ADHD symptoms.
The worldwide influenza epidemic from 1917 to 1926 led to the development of behavior problems, including irritability, impaired attention, and hyperactivity, in children who had developed encephalitis and survived it.

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Description

This quiz covers the description and history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including symptoms and identification. Learn about inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children and how ADHD affects major life activities.