Psychology Chapter 7 Quiz
125 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the two types of processing involved in encoding information?

  • Reactive and intentional processing
  • Automatic and effortful processing (correct)
  • Effortful and reflexive processing
  • Automatic and strategic processing

    • What phenomenon describes the experience of being unable to recall a word or name despite feeling close to remembering it?

  • Cognitive blocking
  • Delayed recall effect
  • Memory interference
  • Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (correct)

    • In which procedure are two unrelated visual patterns presented sequentially to form a meaningful pattern?

  • Temporal integration procedure (correct)
  • Pattern recognition sequence
  • Visual synthesis method
  • Sequential memory testing

    • Which component of working memory is primarily responsible for processing verbal information?

    <p>Phonological loop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guides the reconstruction of memory during retrieval?

    <p>Schemas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for recalling information better from the beginning of a list than from the middle?

    <p>Primacy effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might explain the inability to recall a new name after learning an old one that has changed?

    <p>Proactive interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the phonological loop in working memory?

    <p>To process and store auditory information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 3 stage model of memory, what happens to unattended or unrehearsed information?

    <p>It is lost. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of short-term memory, according to the information provided?

    <p>7 plus or minus 2 items (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a multiple-choice question as a method for retrieving information from memory?

    <p>Recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect retrieval from long-term memory?

    <p>The number of times information has been repeated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between encoding and retrieval?

    <p>Retrieval relies on the effectiveness of encoding, as information encoded effectively is more easily retrieved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the encoding specificity principle suggest about cues during retrieval?

    <p>The best retrieval cues are those present during encoding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Nickerson and Adams' Encoding Failure Theory?

    <p>Failure to remember due to lack of effective encoding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is infantile amnesia?

    <p>Our inability to remember events from before approximately 3 years old. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate a method of savings score?

    <p>By comparing the repetitions needed to learn and relearn items. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes increased confidence in a false memory due to repeated imagining of an event?

    <p>Misinformation effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception about memory retrieval?

    <p>All memories can be accurately retrieved regardless of the context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between encoding and retrieval in memory?

    <p>Encoding quality directly affects retrieval success. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of encoding?

    <p>Transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where old memories inhibit the retrieval of new memories?

    <p>Proactive interference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forgetting involves the inability to remember new information due to the influence of previously stored memories?

    <p>Proactive interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be an example of proactive interference?

    <p>Forgetting a friend's new phone number after memorizing the old one (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes proactive interference?

    <p>Old memories hinder the recall of new ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor would contribute to proactive interference during learning?

    <p>Repeatedly practicing the same skill (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between sensory memory and short-term memory?

    <p>Sensory memory is a very brief holding area for incoming sensory information, while short-term memory holds information for a longer period and allows for processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is primarily responsible for recalling specific facts and events, such as remembering the capital of France or the events of your last birthday?

    <p>Episodic memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following memory techniques is based on creating vivid mental images and associating items to be remembered with locations in a familiar place?

    <p>Method of Loci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why most forgetting occurs within the first 9 hours after learning, with the first hour being particularly critical?

    <p>A combination of factors, including the gradual fading of information from short-term memory and interference from subsequent learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following memory systems is primarily responsible for holding and manipulating information that we are currently using, such as a phone number or a mental calculation?

    <p>Working memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods of encoding involves linking new information to existing knowledge, making the information more meaningful and thus easier to remember?

    <p>Elaborative rehearsal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of forgetting involves the inability to remember new information due to previously learned information interfering with the retrieval of the new information?

    <p>Proactive interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following memory tasks would primarily rely on implicit memory rather than explicit memory?

    <p>Riding a bike (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of amnesia where the individual is unable to form new memories after the onset of the amnesia?

    <p>Anterograde amnesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of retrieving information from long-term memory?

    <p>Reconstructing information based on existing knowledge and cues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 general levels of processing for how we encode?

    <p>Emotional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of iconic memory?

    <p>Remembering the color of a flower you saw earlier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?

    <p>Semantic memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mnemonic device for retrieving information?

    <p>Method of Loci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most effective type of rehearsal for encoding information?

    <p>Elaborative rehearsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of memory that is affected by storage decay theory?

    <p>Long-term memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

    <p>A patient cannot learn new information after a brain injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to improve working memory?

    <p>Maintenance rehearsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the PQ4R method?

    <p>Reflect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the phenomenon where older memories hinder the retrieval of newer memories?

    <p>Proactive interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when new information conflicts with the recall of previously learned information?

    <p>Retroactive interference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies proactive interference?

    <p>Forgetting your new phone number because you keep recalling your old one. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a situation where getting used to a new learning environment impacts recalling previously learned information?

    <p>Proactive interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does proactive interference affect memory recall during learning?

    <p>It impairs the ability to retain new information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where you cannot remember a new name after learning an old one?

    <p>Proactive interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing involves automatic and unconscious mental processes?

    <p>Automatic processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which we seamlessly combine visual patterns to create a meaningful figure?

    <p>Temporal integration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of working memory is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating verbal information?

    <p>Phonological loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive framework aids in memory retrieval and reconstruction?

    <p>Schema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recalling information better from the beginning of a list is known as which effect?

    <p>Primacy effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon describes the experience of feeling close to recalling a specific memory but being unable to do so?

    <p>Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between encoding and retrieval?

    <p>Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory, while retrieval is the process of accessing and retrieving that information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an increase in confidence in a false memory due to repeated imagining of an event?

    <p>Imagination inflation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be considered an example of retrieval in the context of memory processes?

    <p>Remembering a phone number you just heard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the "7 plus or minus 2" rule relating to memory capacity?

    <p>This rule outlines the approximate capacity of short-term memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to information that is not attended to or rehearsed in the 3-stage model of memory?

    <p>It is lost from memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of retrieval is most closely related to a multiple-choice or matching style question?

    <p>Recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the encoding specificity principle suggest about retrieval cues?

    <p>Cues from the environment during encoding can aid retrieval. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory addresses our inability to remember events from early childhood?

    <p>Infantile amnesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a method of savings score calculated?

    <p>By comparing the number of trials required for learning and relearning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in confidence regarding a memory that is inaccurate due to repeated recollection?

    <p>False memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nickerson and Adams studied which of the following theories of forgetting?

    <p>Encoding failure theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age is generally associated with the onset of significant infantile amnesia in adults?

    <p>Around 3 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of encoding failure in terms of memory retention?

    <p>Information never properly encoded does not transition to long-term memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of false memory?

    <p>A vivid recollection of an event never experienced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory retrieval is most closely associated with multiple choice tests?

    <p>Recognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common factor that affects retrieval from long-term memory?

    <p>Sensory input (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 3 Stage Model of Memory, what happens to information that is not attended to or rehearsed?

    <p>It is lost. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical capacity of short-term memory?

    <p>5 to 10 items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following IS a factor that can affect the retrieval of a memory?

    <p>The presence of retrieval cues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the process where old memories hinder the recall of new information?

    <p>Proactive interference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is a classic example of proactive interference?

    <p>An individual forgetting their new phone number after previously having another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately defines proactive interference?

    <p>It involves the retrieval failure of new information due to similar past experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the effects of proactive interference on memory?

    <p>Forgetting a new recipe because you keep recalling an old one (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of proactive interference during the learning process?

    <p>Increased difficulty in acquiring fresh knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of automatic processing in memory encoding?

    <p>Involves unconscious and effortless information acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon occurs when individuals can almost recall a name but cannot fully access it?

    <p>Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temporal integration procedure is designed to study what type of cognitive processing?

    <p>Visual memory integration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of working memory is specifically tasked with handling verbal information?

    <p>Phonological loop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the reconstruction of memories during retrieval?

    <p>Schema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect results in recalling words from the beginning of a list more easily than those in the middle?

    <p>Primacy effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What memory challenge might occur when you forget a teacher's new name after learning their old name?

    <p>Proactive interference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which two meaningless visual patterns are sequentially presented is known as what?

    <p>Temporal integration procedure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory allows for the brief retention of visual information?

    <p>Iconic memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rehearsal technique is most effective for enhancing memory retention?

    <p>Elaborative rehearsal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which types of memory is storage decay theory valid?

    <p>Sensory and short-term memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary categories of long-term memory?

    <p>Explicit and implicit memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mnemonic device involves associating information with specific locations?

    <p>Method of Loci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the phenomenon when most forgetting occurs after learning?

    <p>Forgetting curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes working memory's processing capacity?

    <p>Clusters of information called chunks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor influencing the rate of forgetting information learned?

    <p>The time elapsed since learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amnesia prevents forming new memories after a certain point?

    <p>Anterograde amnesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory focuses primarily on retaining facts and events?

    <p>Explicit memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is infantile amnesia primarily associated with?

    <p>Difficulty in remembering events from early childhood before age three. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of savings score used to measure?

    <p>The retention of information over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Nickerson and Adams' encoding failure theory explain?

    <p>The inability to recall information due to insufficient encoding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is characterized by increased confidence in a false memory due to repeated imagining?

    <p>Misinformation effect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best defines encoding failure theory?

    <p>The information was never adequately encoded in memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor typically associated with the encoding specificity principle?

    <p>Group dynamics during learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the experience of retrieval failure?

    <p>Experiencing difficulty recalling despite feeling the answer is known. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is primarily responsible for holding and manipulating information that we are currently using, such as a phone number or a mental calculation?

    <p>Working memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic device in which pieces of information are remembered by associating them with locations in a familiar place?

    <p>Method of Loci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rehearsal will lead to the best encoding?

    <p>Elaborative rehearsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 general levels of processing for how we encode?

    <p>Physical, acoustic, semantic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This type of amnesia is when you cannot form new memories after the onset of the amnesia.

    <p>Anterograde amnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of memory discussed in this text?

    <p>Short-term Memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Encoding Specificity Principle?

    <p>Memories are best retrieved under conditions similar to those present during encoding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of "Encoding Failure Theory" is primarily concerned with:

    <p>The inability to recall information due to a lack of initial attention or encoding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does "infantile amnesia" refer to?

    <p>The inability to recall events that occurred before about age 3. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phenomenon of "false memory" can be understood as:

    <p>A faulty recollection of an event that did not actually occur but is believed to be true. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mnemonic device?

    <p>Elaborative rehearsal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between "proactive" and "retroactive" interference?

    <p>{ &quot;A&quot;: &quot;Proactive interference occurs when new information makes it difficult to recall old information, while retroactive interference occurs when old information interferes with remembering new information.&quot;, &quot;B&quot;: &quot;Proactive interference is a conscious process of forgetting, while retroactive interference is an unconscious process.&quot;, &quot;C&quot;: &quot;Proactive interference is more common in everyday life than retroactive interference.&quot;, &quot;D&quot;: &quot;Proactive interference affects the encoding process, while retroactive interference affects the retrieval process.&quot; } (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of proactive interference in daily life?

    <p>Having difficulty remembering a friend's new phone number after learning their old one. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effective strategy to minimize forgetting?

    <p>Using different study techniques, such as flashcards, concept maps, and self-testing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common result of unattended or unrehearsed information in the Three-Stage Model of Memory?

    <p>The information is lost from memory completely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that commonly affects the retrieval of information from memory?

    <p>The ability to form new memories after a brain injury. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of retrieval process is most closely reflected in a matching-style test?

    <p>Recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many items can generally be held in short-term memory at one time?

    <p>5-9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of an encoding failure for forgetting?

    <p>Forgetting the name of a person you have met only once. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Memory Concepts and Processes
    20 questions

    Memory Concepts and Processes

    LionheartedBrazilNutTree avatar
    LionheartedBrazilNutTree
    EXP3604 Chapter 4 Flashcards
    17 questions

    EXP3604 Chapter 4 Flashcards

    RazorSharpDaisy avatar
    RazorSharpDaisy
    Psychology Working Memory Model
    40 questions

    Psychology Working Memory Model

    NicestLion avatar
    NicestLion
    Psychology learning
    7 questions

    Psychology learning

    HonestHeliotrope3820 avatar
    HonestHeliotrope3820
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser