Psychology Chapter 7 Flashcards

Concepts of Intelligence

• Artificial Concept: Defined by specific characteristics; contrasts with natural concepts created through experience.
• Natural Concept: Formed from personal experiences; lacks strict criteria.
• Prototypes: Best examples representing a concept that help in organizing information.

Theories of Intelligence

• Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: Consists of three types of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical.
• Practical Intelligence: Often referred to as "street smarts," focusing on real-world problem-solving and applying knowledge effectively.

Types of Intelligence According to Gardner

• Analytical Intelligence: Related to academic abilities and logical reasoning; involves analysis, evaluation, comparison, and judgment.
• Creative Intelligence: Ability to devise innovative solutions or create art; encompasses imaginative approaches to problems.
• Multiple Intelligences: Proposal by Howard Gardner that individuals possess at least eight different intelligences, each person excelling in different areas.

Specific Intelligences

• Linguistic Intelligence: Skill in language use, capable of learning multiple languages; careers include journalism and teaching.
• Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: Strong reasoning and problem-solving abilities; typical professions include scientists and mathematicians.
• Musical Intelligence: Sensitivity to rhythm and tone; capable of playing instruments or vocal performance.
• Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: High physical coordination and control; relevant careers include athletes and dancers.
• Spatial Intelligence: Ability to understand spatial relationships; applicable in fields like architecture and choreography.
• Interpersonal Intelligence: Sensitivity to others' emotions; roles include counselors and social workers.
• Intrapersonal Intelligence: Understanding of personal feelings and motivations; essential for personal success.
• Naturalist Intelligence: Appreciation for nature; roles include biologists and environmentalists.
• Emotional Intelligence: Understanding and managing emotions in oneself and others.

Cognitive Abilities

• Fluid Intelligence: Capability to solve complex problems and identify relationships; critical for abstract thinking.
• Crystallized Intelligence: Knowledge acquired over time and retrieval ability; involves learned information and recall.

Biases and Problem Solving

• Confirmation Bias: Tendency to focus on information that supports existing beliefs, leading to skewed understanding.
• Heuristic: Mental shortcuts used in problem-solving to save time; includes various types like availability and representative heuristics.
• Algorithm: A structured problem-solving method involving a specific set of instructions.

Learning Disabilities

• Dysgraphia: Difficulty in writing legibly, affecting written communication.
• Dyslexia: A common learning difficulty that affects reading and letter processing.

Historical Figures

• Alfred Binet: Pioneer in the development of intelligence testing, foundational for assessing cognitive abilities.
• Range of Reaction Theory: Each individual's unique response to environmental factors shaped by genetics.

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Psychology Chapter 7. This set covers key concepts like artificial and natural concepts, as well as prototypes. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of how we categorize information!