Psychology Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is an artificial concept?

Concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics.

What is a natural concept?

Mental groupings that are created naturally through your experiences.

What are prototypes?

The best example or representation of a concept.

What does Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence include?

<p>Practical, creative, and analytical intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is practical intelligence?

<p>Finding solutions that work in everyday life based on experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is analytical intelligence?

<p>Closely aligned with academic problem solving and computations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is creative intelligence?

<p>Marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

<p>The theory that each person possesses at least eight intelligences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is linguistic intelligence?

<p>The ability to perceive different functions of language and learn languages easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is logical-mathematical intelligence?

<p>The capability of seeing numerical patterns and using logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is musical intelligence?

<p>The ability to understand and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence?

<p>The ability to control body movements and perform physical tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spatial intelligence?

<p>The ability to perceive relationships between objects in space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interpersonal intelligence?

<p>The ability to understand and be sensitive to others' emotional states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intrapersonal intelligence?

<p>The ability to access personal feelings and motivations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is naturalist intelligence?

<p>The ability to appreciate and interact with the natural world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emotional intelligence?

<p>The ability to understand emotions and motivations in oneself and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fluid intelligence?

<p>The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is confirmation bias?

<p>A faulty heuristic where you focus on information that confirms your beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a heuristic?

<p>A mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an algorithm?

<p>A problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is representative bias?

<p>A faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone without a valid basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is availability heuristic?

<p>A faulty heuristic in which you make decisions based on readily available information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crystallized intelligence?

<p>Acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who helped develop intelligence testing?

<p>Alfred Binet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Range of Reaction Theory?

<p>The theory that each person responds to the environment uniquely based on genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dysgraphia?

<p>A learning disability causing extreme difficulty in writing legibly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dyslexia?

<p>A common learning disability in which letters are not processed properly by the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Concepts of Intelligence

  • Artificial Concept: Defined by specific characteristics; contrasts with natural concepts created through experience.
  • Natural Concept: Formed from personal experiences; lacks strict criteria.
  • Prototypes: Best examples representing a concept that help in organizing information.

Theories of Intelligence

  • Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: Consists of three types of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical.
  • Practical Intelligence: Often referred to as "street smarts," focusing on real-world problem-solving and applying knowledge effectively.

Types of Intelligence According to Gardner

  • Analytical Intelligence: Related to academic abilities and logical reasoning; involves analysis, evaluation, comparison, and judgment.
  • Creative Intelligence: Ability to devise innovative solutions or create art; encompasses imaginative approaches to problems.
  • Multiple Intelligences: Proposal by Howard Gardner that individuals possess at least eight different intelligences, each person excelling in different areas.

Specific Intelligences

  • Linguistic Intelligence: Skill in language use, capable of learning multiple languages; careers include journalism and teaching.
  • Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: Strong reasoning and problem-solving abilities; typical professions include scientists and mathematicians.
  • Musical Intelligence: Sensitivity to rhythm and tone; capable of playing instruments or vocal performance.
  • Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: High physical coordination and control; relevant careers include athletes and dancers.
  • Spatial Intelligence: Ability to understand spatial relationships; applicable in fields like architecture and choreography.
  • Interpersonal Intelligence: Sensitivity to others' emotions; roles include counselors and social workers.
  • Intrapersonal Intelligence: Understanding of personal feelings and motivations; essential for personal success.
  • Naturalist Intelligence: Appreciation for nature; roles include biologists and environmentalists.
  • Emotional Intelligence: Understanding and managing emotions in oneself and others.

Cognitive Abilities

  • Fluid Intelligence: Capability to solve complex problems and identify relationships; critical for abstract thinking.
  • Crystallized Intelligence: Knowledge acquired over time and retrieval ability; involves learned information and recall.

Biases and Problem Solving

  • Confirmation Bias: Tendency to focus on information that supports existing beliefs, leading to skewed understanding.
  • Heuristic: Mental shortcuts used in problem-solving to save time; includes various types like availability and representative heuristics.
  • Algorithm: A structured problem-solving method involving a specific set of instructions.

Learning Disabilities

  • Dysgraphia: Difficulty in writing legibly, affecting written communication.
  • Dyslexia: A common learning difficulty that affects reading and letter processing.

Historical Figures

  • Alfred Binet: Pioneer in the development of intelligence testing, foundational for assessing cognitive abilities.
  • Range of Reaction Theory: Each individual's unique response to environmental factors shaped by genetics.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Psychology Chapter 7. This set covers key concepts like artificial and natural concepts, as well as prototypes. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of how we categorize information!

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