Questions and Answers
What is learning?
relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience
What area/subdiscipline of psychology is associated with learning/conditioning?
Behavioralism
What is the relationship between genetic/biological control of behavior and the capacity for learning among species?
Species that have a greater capacity for learning tend to be less controlled by biology and instinct.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
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How did Pavlov discover classical conditioning?
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What is classical conditioning?
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What are the components of classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Learning and Behavioralism
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience, as individuals notice patterns and make adaptations.
- Behavioralism is the psychology subdiscipline that emphasizes learning and conditioning, asserting that all behavior is learned and cognition is irrelevant.
Genetic Influence on Learning
- Species with a higher capacity for learning typically show less biological or instinctual control over behavior, allowing for greater environmental adaptation.
Ivan Pavlov and Classical Conditioning
- Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who pioneered research into learned behavior and classical conditioning in the early 1900s.
- His discovery of classical conditioning arose from observing dogs' salivation responses before food was presented.
Discovery of Classical Conditioning Process
- Pavlov initially studied gastric functions in dogs and observed anticipatory salivation (UCR) before food delivery.
- He paired a tuning fork (CS) with meat powder (UCS) repeatedly; eventually, the dogs salivated (CR) upon hearing the tuning fork alone.
Classical Conditioning Overview
- Classical conditioning is a learning process through the association of an environmental stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus, aiding in future anticipation.
Components of Classical Conditioning
- Key components include:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus that naturally evokes a response.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): the natural response to the UCS.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): a previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the UCS.
- Conditioned Response (CR): the learned response to the CS after conditioning.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 7 of your psychology course with these flashcards. This chapter focuses on the basics of learning, conditioning, and the behavioralism subdiscipline. Test your understanding and reinforce your knowledge in psychology.
