Psychology Chapter 7, 8 & 9 Flashcards

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

The process of getting information into the memory system.

The process of retaining encoded information over time.

<p>The process of getting the information out of memory storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulls information from long-term memory to help make sense of new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory of facts and personal events you can consciously retrieve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retaining learned skills, or classically conditioned associations, without conscious awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retaining a picture-image memory of a scene for a brief time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retaining a sound memory for a brief time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As adults, our conscious memory of our first three years is blank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory demonstrated by retrieving information learned earlier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any stimulus linked to a specific memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved recall of specific information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your good or bad mood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Literally 'without memory' - a loss of memory, often due to brain trauma, injury, or disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That even after encoding information, we may forget it later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Tip-of-the-Tongue' - the brain doesn't have enough information to fully recall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loftus &amp; Palmer - People who watched a video of a car accident and later asked to recall it with different wording.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That eerie sense that 'I've experienced this before.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neutral person communicates with the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aided by hypnosis or drugs, or helped to dig back and visualize your trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mental image or best example of a category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees you will solve a particular problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort evidence that contradicts them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability to see a problem from a new perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judging the likelihood of an event based on its availability in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to be more confident than correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinging to beliefs and ignoring evidence that proves they are wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way an issue is posed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to produce new and valuable ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expands the number of possible problem solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to understand or comprehend language heard or read.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babbling stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babbling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal grammar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's the easiest time to learn a second language; the younger, the better.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General intelligence that underlines specific mental abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where a person limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A test designed to predict a person's future performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A test designed to assess what a person has learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scores are defined by uniform testing procedures and are compared with a pretested group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which a test yields consistent results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having minimal interaction with caregivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates us to satisfy the need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological - need to satisfy hunger and thirst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The point at which your 'weight thermostat' is supposedly set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's resting rate of energy output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to negatively affect health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We experience anxiety, loneliness, jealousy, or guilt when social ties are threatened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-esteem gone wild; being self-important, self-focused, and self-promoting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bodily arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carroll Izard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasympathetic division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lie detector measuring changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deceiving expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You identify with others and imagine what it must be like to walk in their shoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving the body as we would when expecting a particular emotion causes us to feel that emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The men began conserving energy and appeared sluggish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractions (hunger pang).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below.</p> Signup and view all the answers