Questions and Answers
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is a form of learning where two or more stimuli are linked through repeated associations so that involuntary, reflexive responses are produced by new stimuli which did not previously produce a response.
When is learning evident in classical conditioning?
When the new stimulus (CS) will consistently produce a response that it would not normally produce.
In classical conditioning, is the learner active or passive?
Explain the relationship between the USC, UCR, and the NS in classical conditioning.
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What are some examples of unconditioned behaviors?
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What is the UCS?
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What is the UCR?
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What is the NS?
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What is the CS?
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What is the CR?
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What are the three phases of classical conditioning?
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What is the first phase of classical conditioning?
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What is the second phase of classical conditioning?
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What is the third phase of classical conditioning?
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What is a stimulus in classical conditioning?
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What is the neutral stimulus (NS)?
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What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
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What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
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What is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
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What is the conditioned response (CR)?
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What was stage 1 of Pavlov's research?
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What was stage 2 of Pavlov's research?
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What was stage 3 of Pavlov's research?
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What were the UCS, NS, UCR, CR, and CS in Pavlov's research?
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What is a contiguous approach in classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning Overview
- A learning process where stimuli are linked to produce involuntary responses.
- Involves the pairing of neutral and unconditioned stimuli to create conditioned responses.
Key Components
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): A stimulus that automatically elicits a response (e.g., food).
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): The automatic response to the UCS (e.g., salivation).
- Neutral Stimulus (NS): A stimulus that initially elicits no response (e.g., a bell).
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The NS after it has been paired with the UCS; it elicits a response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the CS, similar to the UCR.
Phases of Classical Conditioning
- First Phase (Before Conditioning): The UCS produces the UCR, and the NS does not produce a response.
- Second Phase (Acquisition): The NS is repeatedly paired with the UCS, creating an association.
- Third Phase (After Conditioning): The CS alone elicits the CR without the UCS (e.g., salivation at the sound of the bell).
Learning Characteristics
- Learning is evident when a CS consistently produces a response.
- The learner is considered passive in this process.
Examples of Unconditioned Responses
- Seeing food leads to salivation.
- Smoke induces coughing.
Pavlov's Research Stages
- Stage 1: UCS (meat powder) results in UCR (salivation). NS (bell) does not produce a response.
- Stage 2: NS (bell) paired with UCS (meat powder) leads to an association.
- Stage 3: CS (bell) independently elicits CR (salivation).
Key Facts from Pavlov's Experiment
- UCS: Meat powder
- UCR: Salivation in response to meat powder
- NS: Ringing bell
- CS: The bell after conditioning
- CR: Salivation in response to the bell
Stimulus Definition
- A stimulus can be any event, internal or external, that results in a response.
Contiguity in Classical Conditioning
- NS and UCS must occur close together in time and space for effective association.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of classical conditioning through flashcards, including the 'Little Albert' experiment. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of how involuntary responses are learned through associations. Perfect for psychology students looking to deepen their knowledge of this fundamental learning theory.