Questions and Answers
Gus would be best served by imagining himself _____
practicing hard and mastering the troublesome passage
This is consistent with the theory of _____
reactance
Which form of decision avoidance involves choosing an option that requires one to do nothing?
default option
People influenced by the status quo bias are likely to _____
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Who is most likely to develop learned helplessness and refuse to try again?
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What should Dori know about the importance of freedom of choice?
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A company facing extreme low morale and performance issues among its employees can improve the situation by _____
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Who is likely to adjust best to newly implemented, exceptionally demanding productivity requirements at work?
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When would you expect Jaclyn's motivation to wane?
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When people are overly optimistic about succeeding in a project without considering any possible problems, they have fallen prey to the _____
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A highly goal-oriented person experiencing constant intrusive thoughts about unfinished goals is most likely experiencing the _____
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Pauletta is experiencing _____ when she neglects other goals while working on challenging problems.
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What does it mean when a person experiences decision fatigue?
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Which strategy is most likely to produce fast results for Stephen in improving his study skills?
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What is the best way to teach young people to exert self-control over their sexual impulses?
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How can Ari continue to study through periods of low motivation?
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What has research shown about concepts such as the death drive and fear of success?
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One of the reasons people may engage in harmful behaviors is _____, such as drinking alcohol to relax at parties.
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Another reason people may engage in harmful behaviors is _____, such as when people use smokeless tobacco.
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For Maxwell to work as a reward, he must have the ability to _____
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Study Notes
Decision-Making and Motivation
- Gus should visualize effectively practicing difficult pieces for his senior recital to improve performance.
- Reactance theory suggests that prohibiting options enhances their allure.
- The default option is a decision avoidance strategy where individuals choose inaction.
- Status quo bias leads individuals to stick with their current circumstances rather than change.
Learned Helplessness and Autonomy
- Learned helplessness develops in individuals who attribute failures to unchangeable personal traits.
- Greater freedom in decision-making promotes behavioral flexibility and self-regulation, countering chaos in society.
- To boost morale, companies should provide employees with autonomy over decision-making and scheduling.
Career Adaptability and Motivation Fluctuations
- Individuals confident in their employability adapt better to demanding work environments.
- Motivation for long-term goals, like Jaclyn's pursuit of neuroscience, tends to decrease around the midpoint of the journey.
Cognitive Bias and Task Management
- The planning fallacy describes overoptimism in project success without proper risk assessment.
- The Zeigarnik effect indicates that highly goal-oriented individuals experience intrusive thoughts about uncompleted tasks.
- Goal shielding can lead individuals to neglect other responsibilities while focusing too intently on specific goals.
Decision Fatigue and Effective Study Habits
- Decision fatigue arises when people exhaust their mental energy on initial choices, leading to easier but less optimal later decisions.
- Keeping a daily calendar to track study time enhances strategic study habits and supports timely graduation.
Educational Approaches and Self-Control
- Abstinence-only education is deemed ineffective; teaching self-control through practical willpower development is recommended.
- Developing a study schedule can help maintain study habits during periods of low motivation.
Psychological Concepts and Risk Behaviors
- Modern research challenges Freud's "death drive" and Horner's "fear of success" theories, showing scant support for these ideas.
- Engaging in harmful behaviors can stem from making tradeoffs, such as using alcohol to reduce anxiety despite associated risks.
- Misunderstandings about the safety of smokeless tobacco can lead to harmful choices, highlighting the impact of faulty knowledge.
Reward Systems and Self-Regulation
- For rewards, like an amusement park trip to be effective, the ability to delay gratification is crucial, especially for children like Maxwell.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 4 of your psychology textbook. This quiz focuses on important theories and psychological terms that are essential for understanding human behavior and learning. Perfect for reviewing before exams or class discussions.