Questions and Answers
Emil Kraepelin developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior in which year?
1883
His categories formed the foundation for psychological disorders found in which modern classification system?
A diagnostic tool that helps clinicians predict future symptoms or events has _______ validity.
predictive
A _________ assessment would be used to assess unconscious drives and conflicts that may be at the root of abnormal functioning.
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The ______ movement has tried to identify a set of common strategies that are present in the work of all effective therapists.
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Approximately how many mental disorders does the DSM-5 list?
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The polygraph is a form of _________ test.
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What are the three important criteria for assessments?
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The collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion is referred to as a(n) _____________.
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Which culture-bound abnormality describes a fear that one's penis will withdraw into the abdomen?
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A personality disorder would be recorded first as a(n)_________ in the DSM-5.
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A person's intelligence quotient, or IQ, initially represented the ratio of a person's _______ age divided by his or her _________ age, multiplied by 100.
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A mental status exam is a component of a:
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The ________ is a brain-imaging technique that uses certain properties of hydrogen atoms to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure and activity.
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The specific details and background of a client's problem is called ____________ data.
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That established information about the nature and treatment of a particular illness is ____________ data.
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A clinician who is observing parent-child interactions in the home is conducting a(n) ________ observation.
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The _______ produces a computerized motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain.
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An assessment tool shows high _____________ reliability if different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it.
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____________, an illness once common to Algonquin Indian hunters, was marked by the belief in a supernatural monster.
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An assessment that asks people to respond to pictures by telling a dramatic story is called:
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Which of the following is true about the term 'nervous breakdown'?
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About what percentage of people in the United States will qualify for a DSM diagnosis at some point in their lives?
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The ____________ requires a subject to look at one inkblot card at a time and tell what they see in the image.
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__________ and __________ are two types of abnormal behavior promoted by 'dark sites' on the Internet.
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How many clinical scales are found on the MMPI (MMPI-2)?
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What does the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test consist of?
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A _____________ test is one that has been set up with common steps to be followed whenever it is administered.
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An assessment tool has high ______________ if it yields the same results every time it is given to the same people.
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Which of the following is not a question usually asked in a therapy outcome study?
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___________ is the single most effective therapy for schizophrenia.
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________ is a disorder found in Malaya, the Philippines, Java, and some parts of Africa; it is thought to be caused by stress.
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According to a meta-analysis of treatment studies, the average person who received treatment was better off than ______ percent of the untreated control subjects.
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About how many different forms of therapy are practiced in the clinical field?
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Which people are most likely to have been in therapy at some point in their lives?
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Intelligence tests can play a key role in the diagnosis of:
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Before being appointed to the DSM-5 task force or to a DSM-5 work group, clinical researchers were required to pledge to limit their total annual income from pharmaceutical companies to:
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Out of every 100 true statements, how many are incorrectly identified as false on a polygraph test?
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After years of preliminary work, a DSM-5 task force and various work groups were formed in:
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A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medication is called a:
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The validity of clinical observations may be limited by a client's ________, which means that the client's behavior may be affected by the very presence of an observer.
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A cluster of symptoms that occur together is known as a:
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Study Notes
Classification of Disorders
- Emil Kraepelin's classification system established the foundation for psychological disorders, leading to the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
- DSM-5 includes approximately 400 mental disorders.
Assessment Validity
- Predictive validity allows clinicians to forecast future symptoms or events.
- Standardization, reliability, and validity are vital criteria for effective assessments.
Types of Assessments
- Projective assessments reveal unconscious drives and conflicts in individuals.
- An assessment involves collecting relevant information to reach a conclusion.
Diagnostic Techniques
- The Thematic Apperception Test asks individuals to narrate stories based on pictures.
- The Rorschach test requires subjects to interpret inkblots, reflecting their perceptions.
Cultural Considerations
- Koro describes a culturally bound abnormality related to the intense fear of penis retraction into the abdomen.
- Windigo, once common among Algonquin Indian hunters, is related to supernatural beliefs about cannibalism.
Observational Methods
- Naturalistic observation involves watching parent-child interactions in a home setting.
Psychophysiological Testing
- Polygraph tests measure physiological responses and are considered psychophysiological tests.
- An average of 8 false identifications occur in polygraph tests concerning true statements.
Neuropsychological Tools
- The Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test assesses visual-motor functioning through design reproduction.
- MRI and PET scans are critical brain-imaging techniques, with MRI focusing on structural detail and PET scans revealing chemical activity.
Therapy and Treatment Outcomes
- Drug therapy is currently the most effective treatment for schizophrenia.
- Approximately 75% of individuals receiving therapy improve compared to untreated control groups.
Demographics of Therapy
- Highly educated, middle-aged women from Western states are the most likely demographic to have undergone therapy.
- Around 400 different forms of therapy are practiced in clinical settings.
Historical Context
- In 2006, DSM-5 task force and work groups were initiated after years of preliminary efforts.
- Clinical researchers involved in the DSM-5 were restricted to an annual income of $10,000 from pharmaceutical companies.
Intelligence Quotient and Disorders
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is the ratio of mental age over chronological age, multiplied by 100.
- Intelligence tests aid in the diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorders.
Observation Challenges
- Reactivity can limit the validity of clinical observations, where a client's behavior is influenced by the presence of an observer.
Misconceptions in Clinical Terms
- "Nervous breakdown" is not a clinically recognized term but is commonly used among laypersons.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of psychological classifications and diagnostic tools with these flashcards from Chapter 4. Each card helps reinforce your understanding of concepts like the DSM and validity in diagnosis.
