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Questions and Answers
What type of memory is primarily involved in recalling facts?
What type of memory is primarily involved in recalling facts?
During which stage of memory formation does sensory information transition to short-term memory?
During which stage of memory formation does sensory information transition to short-term memory?
What characterizes the recency effect in memory recall?
What characterizes the recency effect in memory recall?
What is Long-term Potentiation (LTP) reliant on?
What is Long-term Potentiation (LTP) reliant on?
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Which brain region is crucial for the conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory?
Which brain region is crucial for the conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory?
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What physical changes occur in the brain that facilitate memory storage?
What physical changes occur in the brain that facilitate memory storage?
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What is the role of CREB in long-term potentiation?
What is the role of CREB in long-term potentiation?
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What effect does the artificial reactivation of an engram have on mice exposed to fear conditioning?
What effect does the artificial reactivation of an engram have on mice exposed to fear conditioning?
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What is the primary role of emotions according to the content?
What is the primary role of emotions according to the content?
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Which theory states that bodily changes cause emotions?
Which theory states that bodily changes cause emotions?
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Which emotion is NOT considered one of the six fundamental emotions?
Which emotion is NOT considered one of the six fundamental emotions?
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What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest?
What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest?
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In fear conditioning, what role does the neutral stimulus play?
In fear conditioning, what role does the neutral stimulus play?
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Which component mediates fast behavioral responses in the fear neurocircuitry?
Which component mediates fast behavioral responses in the fear neurocircuitry?
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Which statement is true about lie detectors compared to brain imaging?
Which statement is true about lie detectors compared to brain imaging?
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What characterizes anxiety disorders based on the content?
What characterizes anxiety disorders based on the content?
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According to Schachter's Cognitive Attribution Model, emotional experiences depend on what factors?
According to Schachter's Cognitive Attribution Model, emotional experiences depend on what factors?
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What happens when sensory feedback from facial expressions is impaired?
What happens when sensory feedback from facial expressions is impaired?
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What is a key symptom associated with schizophrenia?
What is a key symptom associated with schizophrenia?
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Which area of the brain is primarily associated with emotional cue recognition?
Which area of the brain is primarily associated with emotional cue recognition?
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What structural change is commonly observed in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia?
What structural change is commonly observed in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia?
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Which hypothesis suggests that excess dopamine function contributes to schizophrenia?
Which hypothesis suggests that excess dopamine function contributes to schizophrenia?
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What is the main purpose of cognitive behavioral therapy for treating schizophrenia?
What is the main purpose of cognitive behavioral therapy for treating schizophrenia?
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What defines retrograde amnesia?
What defines retrograde amnesia?
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How do SSRIs primarily work in the treatment of depression?
How do SSRIs primarily work in the treatment of depression?
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What physiological changes are commonly observed in depression related to hormones?
What physiological changes are commonly observed in depression related to hormones?
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What role does oxytocin (OXT) potentially play in schizophrenia?
What role does oxytocin (OXT) potentially play in schizophrenia?
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What evidence suggests a lack of fear extinction in PTSD patients?
What evidence suggests a lack of fear extinction in PTSD patients?
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Which treatment method is aimed at blocking dopamine D2 receptors?
Which treatment method is aimed at blocking dopamine D2 receptors?
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What common factor is linked to the development of schizophrenia?
What common factor is linked to the development of schizophrenia?
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What is a characteristic symptom of depression?
What is a characteristic symptom of depression?
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Which brain structure is typically smaller in individuals with schizophrenia?
Which brain structure is typically smaller in individuals with schizophrenia?
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Study Notes
Chapter 15: Emotions
- Emotions are crucial for experiencing and evaluating the environment, and for interacting and communicating with others
- Emotions are associated with overt behaviours like crying and laughter, and motivational states like approach or avoidance
- Physiological responses like increased heart rate or perspiration accompany emotions
- Different theories explain the relationship between emotions and bodily responses
- Folk psychology: Emotions cause bodily responses
- James-Lange theory: Bodily changes cause emotions
- Cannon-Bard theory: Emotion and bodily responses are independent
- Schachter's Cognitive Attribution Model: Physiological response combined with context determine the emotional experience
- Lie detector tests measure physiological arousal, but brain imaging can provide more specific measures of brain activity associated with lying
- Six fundamental emotions recognized across cultures are anger, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and disgust
- Facial expressions and their feedback can influence mood
- MacLean's limbic system is a group of brain regions associated with emotions
Chapter 16: Depression and Anxiety
- Key symptom of depression is anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
- Other symptoms may include sadness, low energy, difficulty concentrating, restlessness
- Treatments for depression include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and drugs (like SSRIs and MAO inhibitors)
- Monoamine hypothesis of depression suggests that a deficiency in monoamine function contributes to depression
- Stress hormone dysregulation can be a factor in depression, with elevated cortisol levels in depressed patients
- Treatments for anxiety disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication (SSRIs, benzodiazepines)
Chapter 17: Memory
- Prefrontal cortex may have a role in suppressing amygdala activity related to fear
- Memory impairments include retrograde amnesia (loss of memories before a trauma) and anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories after a trauma)
- Memory formation involves a multistage process, starting with sensory input and encoding into short-term memory, then moving to consolidation and storage in long-term memory
- Primacy effect refers to better recall of items at the beginning of a list, while recency effect refers to better recall of items at the end of a list
- Long-term memory relies on the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus which is critical for converting short-term memories into long-term memories
- Memory storage is associated with physical changes in the brain, such as changes in neurotransmitter levels and synapse formation
- Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a stable and enduring increase in the effectiveness of synapses, important for forming memories. This is supported by the activation of CAMKII, AMPA glutamate receptors and CREB
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between emotions, physiological responses, and behaviors in this quiz based on Chapter 15. Understand various theories of emotion, from folk psychology to Schachter's Cognitive Attribution Model, and learn about the universal emotions recognized across cultures. Test your knowledge on how these concepts manifest in real-life situations and assessments.
