Emotions: A Psychological Overview

The three components are subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral or expressive response.

The six basic emotions are fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.

Plutchik classified emotions using a wheel that demonstrates eight primary emotional dimensions and how they can be mixed together.

<p>Subjective experience emphasizes that emotions can vary greatly between individuals, leading to diverse emotional responses to the same event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions can be combined, such as happiness + anticipation to create excitement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ekman expanded his list to include embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals may experience mixed emotions because significant life events often evoke a range of feelings, such as excitement and nervousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, not all anger is perceived the same; it can range from mild annoyance to blinding rage and is experienced differently by individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labeling the emotion is the first step in coping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic fear is associated with anxiety, which can lead to inflammation and lowered immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Happiness is linked with a longer lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anger can be linked with illnesses like heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Productively expressing emotions prevents them from negatively affecting health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological responses to emotions are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amygdala is linked to emotion, especially fear, and is activated when faced with threatening stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Western cultures typically promote high-arousal emotions like fear and excitement, while Eastern cultures tend to value low-arousal emotions such as calmness and serenity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are adaptive because they help improve our chances of survival in our environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The James-Lange theory suggests that our physical responses are responsible for our emotional experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The facial-feedback theory states that facial movements can influence emotional experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Schachter-Singer theory suggests that our thoughts and cognitive processes actually create our emotional experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The six universal emotions are happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary emotions are universally experienced emotions, while secondary emotions are variations derived from primary emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anger is often expressed through frowning, yelling, or violent behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear can trigger the fight-or-flight response which is natural, but some people also enjoy the adrenaline rush from fear-inducing activities like horror movies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disgust can be triggered by unpleasant physical experiences, such as seeing rotting food, or by moral violations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the amygdala can impair the individual's fear response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some expressions are universal because they convey basic emotions that are recognized across different cultures, like a smile for happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary emotions are feelings that arise in response to primary emotions, such as frustration stemming from sadness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are immediate reactions to stimuli, while feelings are the experiences that result from those emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mood is a temporary emotional state that can last longer than an emotion, sometimes without a clear cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative emotions include envy, anger, sadness, and fear, and they can disrupt daily functioning and overall well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic negative emotions like sadness and fear can lead to health issues, while happiness is associated with better physical health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The James-Lange theory posits that emotions result from physiological responses; we feel fear after our body reacts with arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently, unlike the sequential nature in the James-Lange theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural backgrounds affect our appraisals of situations, leading to different emotional experiences even in similar circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic nervous system triggers physiological arousal during emotional responses, such as increased heart rate when feeling fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppressing facial expressions can lower the intensity of the emotions experienced by individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labeling emotions can aid in understanding and processing them, making it easier to cope with difficult feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals should consider talking to a physician or mental health professional for support and guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two friends might both feel anger during a disagreement, yet one may feel frustrated while the other feels jealous based on their interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing that emotions can be both positive and negative helps normalize emotional experiences and promotes healthier responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic nervous system activation is interpreted as fear due to the perceived threat of the snake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances emotional regulation and reduces anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paul Ekman proposed the six basic emotions: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates involuntary responses such as heart rate and prepares the body for fight-or-flight reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows how primary emotions can be combined to create complex emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amygdala is involved in processing emotions and is particularly linked to fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They might experience both excitement and nervousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the ability to adapt to stressful situations and bounce back from emotional challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to how emotions are expressed through behavior and body language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joy can mix with anxiety when getting married or having a child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding physiological reactions provides insights into how emotions affect our bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive interpretation helps in labeling and giving meaning to physiological arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sociocultural norms influence how emotions are expressed and interpreted, with Western cultures typically valuing high-arousal emotions and Eastern cultures favoring low-arousal emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are adaptive responses that enhance survival and reproductive success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The James-Lange theory asserts that physiological responses to stimuli precede and cause emotional experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary emotions are basic, universally experienced emotions, such as happiness, sadness, and fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary emotions are variations of primary emotions, often resulting from individual interpretations; for example, jealousy may arise from anger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are immediate reactions to stimuli, while feelings are the subjective experiences that arise from those emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mood can arise from clear reasons or may lack identifiable causes, and it is a longer-lasting emotional state compared to short-lived emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions can motivate behavior, enhance social bonding, and provide adaptive responses essential for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One person might feel frustration while the other might experience jealousy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disgust can be triggered by unpleasant physical experiences or moral violations, often manifesting as aversion or repulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The facial-feedback theory suggests that facial expressions can influence and enhance emotional experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers