Psychology Chapter 15: Disorders Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is abnormal behavior?

Behavior that is normal and accepted

Behavior that is encouraged by society

Behavior that is always harmful to others

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a long period of time (correct)

What does the biological approach attribute disorders to?

Organic, internal causes focusing on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning.

What does the psychological approach emphasize?

Contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics.

What does the sociocultural approach focus on?

The social contexts in which a person lives, including gender, ethnicity, economic status, and family relations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biopsychosocial approach?

An approach that combines biological, psychological, and social factors to explain normal or abnormal behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the DSM-IV?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What does Axis I encompass?

All diagnostic categories except personality disorders and mental retardation. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in Axis II?

Personality disorders and mental retardation. Signup and view all the answers

What does Axis III refer to?

General medical conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in Axis IV?

Psychosocial and environmental problems. Signup and view all the answers

What does Axis V assess?

Current level of functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What are anxiety disorders characterized by?

Fears that are uncontrollable and disproportionate to actual dangers. Signup and view all the answers

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A condition experienced with persistent anxiety for at least six months with no apparent reason. Signup and view all the answers

What is panic disorder?

A disorder characterized by recurrent, sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a phobia?

A persistent fear of a particular object or situation. Signup and view all the answers

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A disorder characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and urges to perform repetitive behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What are mood disorders?

Prolonged emotions that color the individual's entire emotional state. Signup and view all the answers

What are depressive disorders?

Mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression and lack of pleasure in life. Signup and view all the answers

What is major depressive disorder (MDD)?

A significant depressive episode with characteristics like lethargy and hopelessness for at least two weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is dysthymic disorder?

A chronic condition where the individual is in a depressed mood for most days for at least two years as an adult. Signup and view all the answers

What are the biological factors in depression?

Problems in the body's regulation of neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes bipolar disorder?

Extreme mood swings including episodes of mania. Signup and view all the answers

What are dissociative disorders?

Psychological disorders involving a sudden loss of memory or change in identity. Signup and view all the answers

What is dissociative amnesia?

A type of amnesia characterized by extreme memory loss stemming from psychological stress. Signup and view all the answers

What is dissociative fugue?

A dissociative disorder where an individual not only develops amnesia but also travels unexpectedly and assumes a new identity. Signup and view all the answers

What is dissociative identity disorder?

Also known as multiple personality disorder; involves having two or more distinct personalities. Signup and view all the answers

What is schizophrenia?

A severe psychological disorder characterized by disordered thought processes. Signup and view all the answers

What are hallucinations?

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What are delusions?

False, unusual beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is referential thinking?

Ascribing personal meaning to completely random events. Signup and view all the answers

What is catatonia?

A state of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time. Signup and view all the answers

What is flat affect?

The display of little or no emotion, a common negative symptom of schizophrenia. Signup and view all the answers

What are positive symptoms in psychology?

Symptoms that add unusual behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What are negative symptoms in psychology?

Symptoms that take away normal behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a personality disorder?

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns integrated into an individual's personality. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes antisocial personality disorder?

Guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit. Signup and view all the answers

What is borderline personality disorder?

Characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, and emotion, and marked impulsivity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abnormal Behavior

Defined as behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over an extended period.

Biological Approach

Attributes psychological disorders to organic factors, particularly brain function, genetics, and neurotransmitter roles.

Psychological Approach

Emphasizes the impact of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality traits in understanding disorders.

Sociocultural Approach

Focuses on the social contexts influencing behavior, including gender, ethnicity, economic status, and family dynamics.

Biopsychosocial Approach

Integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in explaining both normal and abnormal behaviors.

DSM-IV

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, structured into five axes for classification.

Axis I

Covers all diagnostic categories excluding personality disorders and mental retardation, such as anxiety and mood disorders.

Axis II

Focuses on personality disorders and mental retardation.

Axis III

Addresses general medical conditions affecting mental health.

Axis IV

Discusses psychosocial and environmental problems impacting individual functioning.

Axis V

Evaluates the current level of functioning of an individual.

Anxiety Disorders

Characterized by uncontrollable fears that disrupt normal life.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Involves persistent anxiety for at least six months with no identifiable cause, often linked to GABA deficiency.

Panic Disorder

Marked by recurrent, sudden episodes of intense fear or terror, frequently without an obvious cause.

Phobia

Defined as a relentless fear of a specific object or situation.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Features persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts and compulsions to perform repetitive behaviors.

Mood Disorders

Extended emotional states that affect overall emotional well-being.

Depressive Disorders

Involve persistent depression, characterized by a consistent lack of pleasure in life.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Involves significant depressive episodes lasting at least two weeks, marked by symptoms like lethargy and hopelessness.

Dysthymic Disorder

A chronic form of depression lasting at least two years in adults or one year in children/adolescents, without previous major depressive episodes.

Biological Factors in Depression

Associated with imbalances in the regulation of various neurotransmitters.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by extreme mood swings, including manic episodes marked by excessive optimism and energy.

Dissociative Disorders

Involve sudden memory loss or identity changes due to the dissociation of conscious awareness.

Dissociative Amnesia

Describes extreme memory loss linked to significant psychological stress.

Dissociative Fugue

Involves amnesia, unexpected travel, and sometimes adopting a new identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Known as Multiple Personality Disorder, characterized by two or more distinct identities, each with unique memories and behaviors.

Schizophrenia

A severe psychological disorder marked by disordered thought processes, often involving psychotic symptoms.

Hallucinations

Sensory perceptions experienced without actual stimuli.

Delusions

False beliefs that are unusual and do not align with an individual's cultural background.

Referential Thinking

Attributing personal significance to random events.

Catatonia

A condition of prolonged immobility and unresponsiveness.

Flat Affect

A lack of emotional expression, often observed as a negative symptom in schizophrenia.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Include the addition of unusual behaviors.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Involve the removal of normal behaviors or emotional responses.

Personality Disorders

Chronic patterns of maladaptive thoughts and behaviors integrated into an individual's personality.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Features include guiltlessness, law-breaking tendencies, and exploitation of others, more prevalent in men.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, emotional dysregulation, and impulsivity, more common in women.

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Description

Test your knowledge on psychological disorders with this set of flashcards for Chapter 15 of your psychology course. Explore key terms and definitions related to abnormal behavior and different psychological approaches. Perfect for revision and enhancing your understanding of the subject.