Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of the definition of abnormal behaviour?
What is the primary source of the definition of abnormal behaviour?
- Biological and physiological factors
- Social norms and values (correct)
- The individual's personal experience
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
What is a key aspect of dysfunction in abnormal behaviour?
What is a key aspect of dysfunction in abnormal behaviour?
- Impacting the individual's social relationships
- Causing physical harm to oneself or others
- Experiencing emotional distress
- Impacting the individual's daily life and functioning (correct)
What is the significance of the 95% threshold in defining statistically rare behaviour?
What is the significance of the 95% threshold in defining statistically rare behaviour?
- It is the benchmark for determining social norms
- It is the percentage of people who do not exhibit the behaviour (correct)
- It is the minimum percentage required for a behaviour to be considered abnormal
- It is the threshold for determining clinical significance
What is the relationship between distress and dysfunction in abnormal behaviour?
What is the relationship between distress and dysfunction in abnormal behaviour?
What is the purpose of considering the accumulation of all elements when defining abnormal behaviour?
What is the purpose of considering the accumulation of all elements when defining abnormal behaviour?
What is the primary focus of the biological perspective in understanding mental illness?
What is the primary focus of the biological perspective in understanding mental illness?
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, what is the primary driver of human behavior?
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, what is the primary driver of human behavior?
What is a major limitation of the biological perspective in understanding mental illness?
What is a major limitation of the biological perspective in understanding mental illness?
What is the primary goal of treatment in the psychoanalytic perspective?
What is the primary goal of treatment in the psychoanalytic perspective?
What is a key assumption of the behavioral perspective?
What is a key assumption of the behavioral perspective?
What is a major critique of the psychoanalytic perspective?
What is a major critique of the psychoanalytic perspective?
What is a key feature of the biological perspective in the early 20th century?
What is a key feature of the biological perspective in the early 20th century?
What is a major difference between the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives?
What is a major difference between the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives?
What is a limitation of the biological perspective in terms of treatment?
What is a limitation of the biological perspective in terms of treatment?
What is a key development in the biological perspective in recent years?
What is a key development in the biological perspective in recent years?
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Study Notes
Elements of a Disorder
- Abnormal behavior is characterized by rarity, deviation, distress, and dysfunction
- These elements stem from an underlying issue within the individual
- The disturbance has clinical significance and affects cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior
- Classification and definition are governed by regulatory systems, such as the DSM
Defining Abnormal Behavior
- Statistically rare behavior is uncommon, occurring in less than 5% of the population
- Deviation from the norm is negatively evaluated by society
- Normality is socially constructed and defined, and what is considered abnormal changes over time and place
- Distress refers to the individual's experience of discomfort or suffering
- Dysfunction impairs daily life
Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior
Biological Perspective
- The oldest perspective, assuming mental illness is a biological progressive disease
- Biological causes are treated with biological methods
- Assumptions include:
- One biological progressive disease
- Several different diseases
- Bacterial/viral/toxic agents
- Brain damage/abnormality
- Limitations and critiques include:
- Inconclusive evidence for biological causation
- Low success rates and high relapse rates for treatments
- Underestimation of side effects
- Claims of overuse of medication
- Constrained within the medical model
Psychoanalytic Perspective
- Developed by Freud, focusing on underlying psychological processes
- Assumes unconscious drives, including sex and aggression
- ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO principles guide behavior
- Focuses on conflict and defense mechanisms
- Abnormal and normal behavior are considered on a continuum
- Limitations and critiques include:
- Lack of scientific rigor and evidence
- Un-testable theories using modern methods
- Lack of clear definable concepts
- Difficult to demonstrate treatment success
Behavioral Perspective
- Focuses on observable behavior and stimulus-response relationships
- Assumes behavior is the result of conditioning
- Normal and abnormal behaviors are the product of learning
- Treatment involves learning new behaviors
- Limitations and critiques include:
- Limited focus on internal factors
- Lack of consideration for individual differences
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