Questions and Answers
What is the period known according to Erikson that represents the gap between childhood security and adult responsibility?
psychosocial moratorium
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the findings about gender differences in self-esteem during childhood and adolescence?
What are the two most common paths adolescents take when they fail to resolve their identity crisis successfully?
They immerse themselves in their peer group and lose their identity in the crowd, or they withdraw and isolate themselves from their peers and family.
According to Marcia, individuals' identity status is based on the existence or extent of their _____ and _____.
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What determines identity diffusion?
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What determines identity foreclosure?
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What defines identity moratorium?
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In which stage does parent-adolescent conflict typically increase?
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As they enter adolescence, youth typically prefer ______ than in childhood.
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Which of the following statements about late bloomers is FALSE?
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Immigration contributes to the increase of what?
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Findings from a longitudinal study in the U.S. found that low SES in adolescence was linked to having a higher level of _____ at age 54 for females.
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Study Notes
Psychosocial Concepts
- Psychosocial moratorium refers to the transitional phase between childhood security and adult responsibilities, as proposed by Erikson.
Self-Esteem and Gender
- False statement: By middle school, girls' self-esteem is significantly higher than that of boys; research typically finds the opposite trend.
Identity Development Paths
- Two paths of identity confusion for adolescents:
- Immersing in peer groups, leading to loss of personal identity.
- Withdrawing from social interaction, resulting in isolation from peers and family.
Identity Status (Marcia's Theory)
- Identity status is determined by the presence or absence of crisis and commitment in an individual's development process.
Identity Diffusion
- Identity diffusion is characterized by no crisis and no commitment during identity development.
Identity Foreclosure
- Identity foreclosure occurs when there is commitment without crisis; individuals adopt roles and beliefs without exploration.
Identity Moratorium
- Identity moratorium involves the presence of a crisis without commitment, during which individuals explore different identities.
Parent-Adolescent Conflict
- Family conflicts typically increase during early adolescence as developmental changes occur.
Adolescent Relationships
- Adolescents tend to prefer fewer friends than in childhood, seeking deeper and more intimate relationships.
Late Bloomers
- Misconception about late bloomers: They do not include 14- to 16-year-olds reporting no romantic relationships; this demographic is often misunderstood.
Immigration and Diversity
- Immigration contributes to a rise in ethnic diversity across communities, impacting social dynamics and cultural interactions.
Socioeconomic Status Effects
- Longitudinal studies indicate that low socioeconomic status (SES) in adolescence is linked to increased depressive symptoms in females at age 54.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Erikson's theories and gender differences in self-esteem with these flashcards from Psychology Chapter 12. This quiz covers essential concepts and findings related to psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence.
