Psychology Chapter 11 Flashcards

Person Perception

• Involves mental processes used to judge others' characteristics and motives.

Social Norms

• Define expectations for appropriate behavior in various social contexts.

Just World Hypothesis

• Reflects the belief that the world is fair, leading to the assumption that individuals receive outcomes they deserve.

Blaming the Victim

• The inclination to hold a victim responsible for their misfortune, suggesting they caused or could have prevented it.

Fundamental Attribution Error

• Tendency to attribute others' actions to personal traits while downplaying the influence of situational factors, such as misinterpreting a trip as clumsiness rather than a wet floor.

Self-Serving Bias

• People commonly credit their successes to internal factors and their failures to external circumstances.

Cognitive Attitude

• Encompasses thoughts and beliefs regarding a topic or situation.

Affective Attitude

• Relates to feelings and emotions connected to a certain topic.

Behavioral Attitude

• Refers to actions taken concerning a topic or situation.

Cognitive Dissonance

• Describes the psychological discomfort arising from conflicting attitudes and behaviors, prompting a desire for consistency.

In-Group

• A social group that an individual identifies and belongs to.

Out-Group

• A social group that an individual does not belong to or identify with.

Ethnocentrism

• The belief in the superiority of one’s own culture or ethnic group, leading to biased judgments of other cultures.

Jigsaw Classroom Technique

• Promotes cooperative learning by placing students in diverse small groups for projects, enhancing self-esteem and fostering positive intergroup relations.

Milgram Study Results

• Indicated that approximately 66% of participants were willing to administer the maximum shock of 450 volts, highlighting issues of authority compliance.

Feel Good, Do Good Effect

• Suggests individuals feeling positive emotions are more inclined to assist others in need.

Bystander Effect

• Describes the phenomenon in which the presence of others inhibits an individual's willingness to help someone in distress.

Stereotype Thinking

• Involves overly generalized beliefs about specific groups or categories of people.

Informational Social Influence

• Highlights how individuals can gain valuable information from the behaviors or decisions of others in uncertain situations.

Normative Social Influence

• Reflects the desire for social acceptance and belonging within a group.

Kitty Genovese

• Her murder catalyzed research on factors influencing altruism, particularly the bystander effect.

Test your knowledge of key concepts in Psychology Chapter 11 with these flashcards. Learn about person perception, social norms, and the just world hypothesis. Perfect for students wanting to strengthen their understanding of social psychology.