Psychology Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is person perception?

The mental processes we use to form judgments and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people.

Define social norms.

The rules or expectations for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation.

What is the just world hypothesis?

The assumption that the world is fair and that therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Explain blaming the victim.

The tendency to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

The tendency to spontaneously attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the role of external, situational factors. Signup and view all the answers

Define self-serving bias.

The tendency to attribute successful outcomes of one's own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external, situational causes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cognitive attitude?

Thoughts about a given topic or situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does affective attitude refer to?

Feelings or emotions about a topic. Signup and view all the answers

What is behavioral attitude?

Your actions regarding the topic or situation. Signup and view all the answers

Define cognitive dissonance.

An unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal that occurs when two thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent. Signup and view all the answers

What is an in-group?

A social group to which one belongs. Signup and view all the answers

Define out-group.

A social group to which one does not belong. Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the jigsaw classroom technique.

A method that stresses cooperative rather than competitive learning situations. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Milgram study results?

2/3 of the subjects were fully compliant and went to the full 450 volt level. Signup and view all the answers

What is the feel-good do-good effect?

People who feel good, successful, happy, or fortunate are more likely to help others. Signup and view all the answers

Define the bystander effect.

When other people are around, a person is less likely to help. Signup and view all the answers

What is stereotype thinking?

A fixed, over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. Signup and view all the answers

What is informational social influence?

The idea that other people can provide useful and crucial information. Signup and view all the answers

Define normative social influence.

The desire to be accepted as part of a group. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Kitty Genovese?

An individual whose case led to research on what factors influence a person's decision to help another. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Person Perception

Involves mental processes used to judge others' characteristics and motives.

Define expectations for appropriate behavior in various social contexts.

Just World Hypothesis

Reflects the belief that the world is fair, leading to the assumption that individuals receive outcomes they deserve.

Blaming the Victim

The inclination to hold a victim responsible for their misfortune, suggesting they caused or could have prevented it.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Tendency to attribute others' actions to personal traits while downplaying the influence of situational factors, such as misinterpreting a trip as clumsiness rather than a wet floor.

Self-Serving Bias

People commonly credit their successes to internal factors and their failures to external circumstances.

Cognitive Attitude

Encompasses thoughts and beliefs regarding a topic or situation.

Affective Attitude

Relates to feelings and emotions connected to a certain topic.

Behavioral Attitude

Refers to actions taken concerning a topic or situation.

Cognitive Dissonance

Describes the psychological discomfort arising from conflicting attitudes and behaviors, prompting a desire for consistency.

In-Group

A social group that an individual identifies and belongs to.

Out-Group

A social group that an individual does not belong to or identify with.

Ethnocentrism

The belief in the superiority of one’s own culture or ethnic group, leading to biased judgments of other cultures.

Jigsaw Classroom Technique

Promotes cooperative learning by placing students in diverse small groups for projects, enhancing self-esteem and fostering positive intergroup relations.

Milgram Study Results

Indicated that approximately 66% of participants were willing to administer the maximum shock of 450 volts, highlighting issues of authority compliance.

Feel Good, Do Good Effect

Suggests individuals feeling positive emotions are more inclined to assist others in need.

Bystander Effect

Describes the phenomenon in which the presence of others inhibits an individual's willingness to help someone in distress.

Stereotype Thinking

Involves overly generalized beliefs about specific groups or categories of people.

Highlights how individuals can gain valuable information from the behaviors or decisions of others in uncertain situations.

Reflects the desire for social acceptance and belonging within a group.

Kitty Genovese

Her murder catalyzed research on factors influencing altruism, particularly the bystander effect.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in Psychology Chapter 11 with these flashcards. Learn about person perception, social norms, and the just world hypothesis. Perfect for students wanting to strengthen their understanding of social psychology.