Psychology Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does research show about exposure to counterstereotypic fictional examples of minority groups?

the less automatic the activation of stereotyped associations.

What does the jigsaw classroom focus on to reduce prejudice?

cooperation.

What effect does teaching people that test anxiety is normal have?

improves performance on tests.

In the dual process approach, people's biased attitudes are brought to mind through a(n) _____ process, and then people employ a(n) _____ process to regulate how the thoughts affect behavior.

<p>experiential; cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stereotypes is NOT true?

<p>People are motivated to get along with someone who stereotypes them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bodenhausen's (1990) research find regarding bias in jury decision making?

<p>jurors who identified as 'morning people' were least biased in the morning, while 'evening people' were least biased in the evening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Jada likely experiencing when she suspects that White individuals perceive her based on her race?

<p>stigma consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the dual process approach to prejudice, how quickly does Process 1 occur?

<p>quickly and automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when Janelle's classmates accuse her of 'acting White'?

<p>social identity threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might Neil infer after being interviewed for a job that a Latino applicant was hired for?

<p>infer that the hiring manager was biased in favor of the Latino applicant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the concern that one might do something to confirm a negative stereotype about one's group.

<p>Stereotype threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about prejudice?

<p>People typically underestimate how biased others are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about concealing stigmatized identities is NOT true?

<p>Concealing one's identities is effective for coping with stigma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does perspective-taking help reduce prejudice?

<p>increases empathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common perspective does Ahmed hold regarding people of different races?

<p>a common ingroup identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can intrinsic motivation to control prejudice be increased?

<p>stressing the need for cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interracial contact situation is most likely to result in improved interracial attitudes over time?

<p>Black and White factory workers striking together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Robber's Cave Study demonstrate?

<p>a shared threat can promote intergroup cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did women expecting to interact with sexist men respond in a research study?

<p>quicker to detect sexism-related words during a computer task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about self-objectification is NOT true?

<p>Self-objectification only affects White women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the implicit association test reveal for White individuals associating 'Black American' with 'bad'?

<p>higher activation of the amygdala.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What generalization can be made about research findings on dual process approaches to prejudice?

<p>automatic processes contribute to prejudice, but people who are properly motivated can exercise more active cognitive processes to control their biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the expectation of being perceived by others in terms of one's group membership.

<p>Stigma consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Counterstereotypical Exposure

  • Exposure to counterstereotypic examples reduces automatic stereotyped associations with minority groups.

Jigsaw Classroom

  • Utilizes cooperation among students to effectively decrease prejudice.

Test Anxiety

  • Understanding that test anxiety is common leads to improved test performance.

Dual Process Approach

  • Involves two processes: experiential process activates biased attitudes and cognitive process regulates those thoughts' impact on behavior.

Stereotype Motivation

  • Stereotypical behavior reduces motivation to connect with individuals who exhibit stereotyping.

Circadian Rhythm and Bias

  • Jurors' biases vary based on their circadian rhythms, with "morning people" unbiased in the morning and "evening people" unbiased in the evening.

Stigma Consciousness

  • High levels of stigma consciousness in individuals lead them to believe their identities are primarily perceived through stereotypes by others.

Prejudice Processes

  • Prejudice develops quickly (Process 1) and automatically.

Social Identity Threat

  • Encounters where minority individuals feel pressured to conform to negative stereotypes of their identity.

Attribution Bias

  • Individuals may conclude hiring decisions are biased if they perceive the hired candidate's group identity as the decisive factor.

Stereotype Threat

  • Fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group can affect behavior.

Prejudice Perception

  • Minority group members may incorrectly assess their environments, often overestimating the bias against them.

Concealing Stigmatized Identities

  • Concealment is not always an effective coping mechanism for stigma management.

Perspective-Taking

  • Actively adopting others' viewpoints enhances empathy, thereby reducing prejudice.

Common Ingroup Identity

  • Viewing different racial groups as part of a single humanity promotes shared identity and unity.

Intrinsic Motivation

  • Cooperation fosters intrinsic motivation to address and control prejudicial attitudes.

Interracial Contact

  • Cooperative efforts, such as striking together, substantially improve interracial attitudes over time.

Robber's Cave Study

  • Illustrates how shared threats can foster cooperation among conflicting groups.

Detection of Sexism

  • Women anticipating interaction with sexist men demonstrate heightened sensitivity to sexism-related stimuli.

Self-Objectification

  • Misconception that self-objectification solely affects White women is not true; it affects individuals across various demographics.

Amygdala Activation

  • Implicit racial bias is indicated by higher amygdala activation when viewing Black faces, linked to negative associations.

Dual Process Prejudice Findings

  • Automatic processes play a role in prejudice, but motivated individuals can employ cognitive strategies to mitigate biases.

Stigma Consciousness (Defined)

  • Represents the anticipation of being viewed through the lens of group membership, significantly impacting interactions with majority groups.

Health Effects of Discrimination

  • Discrimination adversely affects overall health, impacting both mental and physical well-being.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Psychology Chapter 11. Each card presents key concepts related to research in diversity, prejudice reduction techniques, and the effects of anxiety on performance. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of critical topics in psychology.

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