Psychology Chapter 10: Theories of Emotion

<p>Medulla oblongata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional experience depends on cognitive interpretation of physiological arousal and situational cues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain facial expressions of emotion are universal across species and cultures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological-Developmental Perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moods can be non-object-specific and long-lasting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plato (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions serve important functions, with different appraisals leading to different emotions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the individual's relation to the external environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To communicate emotions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lange emphasized vasomotor reactions, while James focused on visceral and motoric reactions more broadly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voluntary actions can have many preceding reasons not necessarily due to specific emotions, unlike emotional reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are always consciously triggered, whereas moods do not need to be. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The independent contribution of different appraisals to various components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether emotions are tightly bound packages or loosely connected pieces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of learned categories to interpret and structure core affective experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through learning to recognize and label emotions, informed by social consensus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleasant vs. unpleasant and activated vs. deactivated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurophysiological state of feeling good or bad, drowsy or energized (core affect). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The various processes that produce components of emotional episodes and their categorization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operational definition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appraisal Theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are elicited and differentiated by evaluations of the environment in relation to goals and interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual's perception and construction of emotional experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical Positivism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its falsifiability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intensity of induced emotions should not surpass those typically experienced in daily life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recall of emotional memories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent the expresser's intention in interpersonal interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotion perception entails implicit, automatic imitation of perceived facial expressions to simulate the associated emotional state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The link between disgust and the insula has not been consistently confirmed by research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is uncertainty and lack of consensus about their precise functions in emotion-related processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memorization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Learning Perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are sensitive to changes caused by muscle contractions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bodily expressions can convey emotions with a high degree of accuracy, even when using minimal visual information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial muscles are attached to the skin and work in groups, making their movements more visible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The same brain areas will be consistently activated across instances from a range of emotion categories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with human bonding and cooperative behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is currently under debate due to replication failures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>smell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes and mechanisms underlying mental phenomena. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes of migration or being moved away. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social riots and displays of public unrest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mental experience of the body state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a broader umbrella term encompassing current or dispositional states with appraisal representations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Targeting similarities rather than differences across individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A loss and disruption of a former balanced state of the psyche. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining universalism and functionalism in mental processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions arise from fundamental cognitive functions processed by widespread brain networks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reconcile the impulses from the Id with the constraints of the external world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It embodies values, beliefs, and norms, influencing the Ego to conform. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To unconsciously protect the self by reducing tension between conflicting drives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As connected to the relevance of the development of the ego theory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particular motor innervations or discharges and certain feelings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Sciences and Social Sciences as two complementary sides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human beings are both natural being and spiritual being = double being (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By consciously or unconsciously guiding decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By influencing the evaluation of an outcome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expression regarding the whole body experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>violating cultural perceptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a source of psychic energy of biological origins; primarily sexual in nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Associative Network Models and Embodies Simulation Models. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions that are repressed can be transmuted into different emotional expressions through the ego defences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interpretation of facial expressions is heavily influenced by the context, such as the body language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As individual nodes labeled with specific terms, interconnected through associative links. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodes are associatively linked by experience, such that activation of one node can trigger activation of associated nodes (spreading activation). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are represented by nodes in an associative network, interconnected with related concepts and experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge is closely linked to sensory and motor systems, and remembering involves reactivating sensory-motor states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By influencing attention, causing individuals to focus selectively on objects that align with their emotional state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention is quickly captured by emotional objects, particularly those that evoke fear or anxiety, and tends to remain focused on them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to retrieve information from memory that matches the individual's current emotional state or mood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved retrieval of information when in the same emotional state as when the information was learned. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People tend to make judgements that align with their current emotional state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals use their affective state (including activated memories) as relevant information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appraisals associated with different discrete emotions lead to predictable effects on evaluation of the current state of the situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People simulate potential outcomes when deciding, and emotional responses to these simulations guide the decision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scope of attention narrows during anxiety and distress, focusing on threat-related stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scholars hold differing views, with some arguing for interdependent processes, and others suggesting they can operate independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social groups and their organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are shaped by cultural and social contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The incorporation of ego theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions guide decisions by influencing anticipated outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language frames the interpretation of emotional experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a structured observational field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal emotional history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative frameworks and case studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are heavily influenced by social structures and norms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Likert response scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in facial appearance caused by muscular movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox (CERT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the electrical discharge of contracted facial muscles that are not visually detectable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical activity of the brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prefrontal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrodermal activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different emotion categories have roots in distinct brain mechanisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Core affect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make meaning out of sensation using stored representations of prior experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Likert response scales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor emotion categories and work together with conceptualization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgement Method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood oxygenation and blood flow changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical activity of cells relative to a known event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependance on cultural context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each basic emotion has a pre-set brain system that dictates bodily responses to specific events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual's immediate evaluation of their circumstances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial step in emotion involves an intuitive appraisal of the situation leading to action tendencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary and secondary appraisal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the key determinants of emotions, mediating the relationship between events and an individual's concerns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Features that enhance reproductive success are likely to become more common. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circumstances appraised as novel, negative, uncontrollable and insistent with expectations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action tendencies are a felt urge toward what is appraised as good and away from what is bad, leading to an action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are very fast and clear-cut assessments, like appraisals of novelty and valence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These components are co-occurring every time we have an emotion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions emerge, increase, and decrease according to specific rules and patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive primary appraisals are fast and mostly clear-cut, while (Learned) secondary appraisals are high-order mental processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wild animal stimuli causes a particular emotion, which is a evolutionary strategy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A branch of psychology focusing on universal mental processes rather than differences.

Overview of how general psychology has developed and its research methods.

The idea that psychological processes are similar across different people and contexts.

Focuses on mental processes and functions rather than structures.

A complex psychological state involving subjective experience, physiological response, and expressive behavior.

Subjective experiences that result from emotions, related to physical states.

A broader term encompassing emotions, often representing current or lasting feelings.

Models describing how information is absorbed, processed, and retained, including conditioning types.

A long-lasting emotional state that can be non-specific.

Emotions are seen as complex evaluations with an object outside the body.

Emotions are uncontrollable forces against reasoning.

Emotions serve different functions based on various appraisals.

Physiological arousal leads to emotional experience.

Emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.

Emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.

Emotions evolved to solve adaptive problems and improve survival.

Facial expressions are universal signs of emotion across cultures.

Key thinkers like Plato and Aristotle shaped theories on emotions.

Emotions are biological responses to external challenges.

Leftover emotional effects that influence mood and judgment.

Automatic physical responses tied to emotions, such as heart rates.

Evaluating a situation that leads to the formation of emotions.

The processes by which individuals influence their emotions.

Stimuli that provoke specific emotions beneficial for survival.

Challenges faced by individuals that evoke specific emotional responses.

Humans have specific emotions linked to behavioral responses to adaptation problems.

Theories suggesting different components of emotions arise from independent appraisals.

Innate emotional states rapidly elicited by prepared stimuli.

Emotions arise from an individual’s evaluation of their circumstances.

Innate feeling states described by pleasantness and activation levels.

Emotions are constructed from individual perceptions and cultural influences.

Initial emotional response is based on assessing the situation.

The mental process of labeling emotional experiences based on social consensus.

Initial assessment of an event's significance for well-being.

Evaluation of coping resources available after primary appraisal.

Affect refers to the general experience of feeling, while emotion is a labeled affective response.

Evaluations made by individuals that influence emotional responses.

Innate brain systems prompting automatic emotional responses.

Observable signals that accompany emotional experiences.

Emotions drive behaviors toward or away from perceived threats.

Natural features that enhance reproductive opportunities persist through generations.

Body responses, like increased heart rate, associated with emotions.

Unique evaluations that trigger distinct emotional responses.

Features like feelings, expressions, and physiological responses occur with emotions.

Emotions arise according to specific, predictable rules.

Emotions are shaped by evaluations regarding personal goals and contexts.

The principle that scientific statements must be testable and refutable.

Emotions are automatic and influenced by biologically prepared stimuli.

Methods such as music or film used to evoke feelings in experiments.

Guidelines ensuring participants experience emotions safely during studies.

Methods involving observation and experimentation to understand emotions.

Verbal measures to rate experiences on a scale.

A numerical scale to assess attitudes or feelings.

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule measures mood states.

Visual tool for representing feeling states with images.

Anatomically based coding system for facial expressions.

44 distinct muscular movements that create expressions.

Measures electrical activity of contracted facial muscles.

Part of the nervous system including the brain and spinal cord.

Technique to record electrical activity of the brain.

Imaging technique that visualizes brain activity via blood flow changes.

Nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

Theory that distinct emotions arise from specific brain mechanisms.

Emotions emerge from networks of brain regions interacting.

Cognitive process directing focus to produce emotional experiences.

The fulfillment of instinctual desires affecting emotions and behavior.

The growth of the ego involves differentiating affects and managing instincts.

Framework linking emotions to psychoanalysis and neurobiology, studying brain functions associated with feelings.

Psychology as a social science focuses on complex meanings in social contexts.

Theory proposing that emotions are shaped by cultural and social influences.

Emotional responses are labeled and interpreted through cultural contexts.

Key body systems activated during emotional experiences, triggering physical responses.

Emotions guide decisions by influencing anticipated outcomes in behavior.

Study of how socio-cultural settings and language impact emotional experiences and expressions.

Views emotions as collective behaviors shaped by cultural norms and contexts.

Facial expressions' meaning can change with context, like body language.

Knowledge involves reactivating sensory and motor states during recall.

Cognition shapes emotional experiences and vice versa.

Retrieval is easier for information matching current emotions.

Nodes of information link concepts and emotions in memory.

Emotions change how we perceive and focus on stimuli.

People’s judgments align with their current emotional state.

Decision-making involves simulating outcomes based on feelings.

Different emotions affect evaluations of situations predictably.

Emotional states impact what memories are remembered.

Facial expressions are perceived differently based on body context.

Cognition can modify emotional responses and states.

Information and emotions are stored in cognitive structures.

Better memory retrieval occurs if the mood matches learning state.

Emotional states focus attention, especially on threats.

Emotions that influence decision-making either consciously or unconsciously.

The theory that specific brain areas correlate with specific emotions.

Current studies primarily focus on facial rather than whole-body expressions.

Ongoing discussion about whether emotion and cognition are separate processes.

Psychology as both a natural science and a social science.

The part of personality that harbors basic instincts and desires.

The rational part of personality balancing the desires of the Id and the morals of the Superego.

The moral conscience of personality that imposes values and norms.

Psychological strategies used by the Ego to reduce anxiety from Id-Superego conflict.

Emotions that are pushed out of conscious awareness, often leading to anxiety or guilt.

Affects are complex feelings consisting of motor responses and sensations.

A pivotal experience that shapes emotional states and affects.

The amygdala is activated during various emotions, not just fear.

The insula is associated with disgust, but this link is inconsistent.

Brain areas function together and are not tied to specific emotions.

Neurons that activate during both action and observing others' actions.

Involves neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine in emotional responses.

Emotions help adapt, communicate, and motivate behavior in response to stimuli.

Facial expressions may be universal (innate) or culturally learned.

Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.

Emotion perception involves imitating others' expressions to understand emotions.

Body movements can express specific emotions effectively.

Specific emotions are related to patterns of vocalization.

A neurotransmitter important for mood regulation.

A hormone associated with human bonding and social interactions.

Facial expressions reflect intentions, especially in social contexts.