Questions and Answers
What is reciprocal determinism?
What does personal control refer to?
Locus of control and personal mastery beliefs.
An external locus of control believes they can influence events and their outcomes.
False
What is positive psychology?
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What does the spotlight effect refer to?
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Define self-esteem.
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What is self-serving bias?
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What does individualism focus on?
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What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
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The _____ is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories outside of our conscious awareness.
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What are psychosexual stages?
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Study Notes
Psychological Theories and Concepts
- Reciprocal Determinism: Proposed by Albert Bandura; suggests that behavior, personal factors, and social environment influence each other.
- Personal Control: Also known as locus of control; impacts belief in influencing outcomes.
- Internal vs. External Locus of Control: Internal locus believes in personal influence over events; external locus attributes outcomes to outside forces.
Psychology Branches and Approaches
- Positive Psychology: Focuses on human flourishing and optimal functioning.
- Personality Psychology: Studies the variation of personality among individuals.
Self-Concept and Evaluation
- Self: Comprises conscious and unconscious elements, including personality and cognition.
- Self-Esteem: Reflects an individual's emotional evaluation of self-worth.
- Spotlight Effect: Tendency to overestimate how much others notice personal traits or behaviors.
Cognitive Biases
- Self-Serving Bias: Attributing successes to personal qualities while blaming failures on external factors.
Cultural Perspectives
- Individualism: Emphasizes personal identity and self-focused goals.
- Collectivism: Prioritizes group identity and shared goals.
Psychoanalytic Concepts
- Free Association: A technique in psychoanalysis where clients express thoughts freely.
- Psychoanalysis: Explores conscious and unconscious psychological processes.
- Unconscious: Repository of thoughts, feelings, and memories not in conscious awareness.
Structural Components of Personality
- Id: Represents basic instincts and drives; operates on pleasure principle.
- Ego: Mediates between id and reality; focuses on practical and socially acceptable actions.
- Superego: Incorporates moral standards; acts as conscience and ideal self.
Developmental Stages and Complexes
- Psychosexual Stages: Freud's theory of five stages of sexual drive development from birth.
- Oedipus Complex: A child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent, leading to rivalry with the same-sex parent.
Psychological Processes
- Identification: The process of assimilating characteristics from others, shaping the self.
- Fixation: Persistence of traits from earlier psychosexual stages.
Defense Mechanisms
- Defense Mechanisms: Psychological strategies, including repression, projection, denial, and rationalization, to cope with uncomfortable feelings.
- Repression: Excluding desires from consciousness, managing undesirable impulses.
- Regression: Temporary reversion to an earlier stage of development in response to stress.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Psychology Chapter 10 with these flashcards. This set covers important theories such as reciprocal determinism and personal control, providing a quick way to familiarize yourself with critical psychological terms. Perfect for studying or review before exams.
