AP Psych Unit 10: Personality Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the social-cognitive perspective?

Views behavior as influenced by the interactions between people's traits and their social context.

What does reciprocal determinism describe?

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

Who is Albert Bandura?

A psychologist who emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in learning behaviors.

What is personal control?

The extent to which people perceive control over their environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is an external locus of control?

The perception that outside forces determine your fate. Signup and view all the answers

What is an internal locus of control?

The perception that you control your own fate. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy?

A person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation. Signup and view all the answers

Two ways to study the effects of personal control are to correlate people's feelings of control with their behaviors and achievements and to ______.

experiment by raising or lowering people's sense of control. Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics of strong self-efficacy? (Select all that apply)

View challenging tasks as something to be mastered Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics of weak self-efficacy? (Select all that apply)

Believe that difficult tasks are beyond their capabilities Signup and view all the answers

What does permanence refer to in ways of explaining life events?

The belief that life events will have a permanent effect. Signup and view all the answers

What does pervasiveness refer to in ways of explaining life events?

The belief that life events have an impact on other areas of life. Signup and view all the answers

What does personal refer to in ways of explaining life events?

The belief that life events are due to some unchangeable personality trait. Signup and view all the answers

What is positive psychology?

The scientific study of optimal human functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What is an evaluation of the Social-Cognitive perspective?

It builds from research on learning and cognition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critique of the Social-Cognitive perspective?

The focus is too much on the situation and not enough on personal traits. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Behavior is shaped by the interaction of personal traits and social environment, with an emphasis on personal control.

Reciprocal Determinism

Interaction among behavior, internal thought processes, and environmental factors.

Albert Bandura

Highlighted learning through conditioning and observation, stressing the role of cognitive processes in behavior.

Personal Control

Refers to the perceived ability to influence one's environment, contrasting feelings of helplessness.

External Locus of Control

Belief that fate is determined by external forces or chance, beyond personal influence.

Internal Locus of Control

Belief that individuals hold power over their own outcomes and destiny.

Self-Efficacy

A core concept where belief in one’s capabilities affects thinking, behavior, and emotional responses.

Studying Personal Control

Two primary methods: correlating feelings of control with behaviors and achievements; experimenting by manipulating the sense of control.

Strong Self-Efficacy Traits

View challenges as tasks to overcome, engage deeply in activities, commit strongly, and rebound quickly from disappointments.

Weak Self-Efficacy Traits

Avoid challenging tasks, doubt capabilities, concentrate on failures, and quickly lose confidence.

Permanence in Explanations

Perception of life events' lasting impacts: Optimists view setbacks as temporary; pessimists as permanent.

Pervasiveness in Explanations

View of life events affecting various life areas: Optimists see positive events as widespread; pessimists see negatives as all-encompassing.

Personal Explanation of Events

Attribution of events to unchangeable traits: Optimists attribute successes to personal qualities; pessimists view successes as circumstantial.

Positive Psychology

Focuses on understanding and fostering strengths and virtues for optimal human functioning.

Strong empirical foundation based on research in learning and cognition.

Criticism exists for overemphasis on situational factors at the expense of personal traits.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the social-cognitive perspective of personality from AP Psychology Unit 10. This quiz focuses on key terms like reciprocal determinism and influential psychologists. Perfect for reviewing concepts related to behavior and social context.