Psychology Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of research?

  • To find the truth (correct)
  • To establish a theory
  • To collect data
  • To prove a hypothesis

    • What is the main challenge in developing a universally agreed meaning for things?

  • Cultural differences
  • Linguistic barriers
  • Contextual variations
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which aspect of research ethics is concerned with protecting the well-being of participants?

  • Informed consent
  • Non-maleficence and beneficence (correct)
  • Anonymity and confidentiality
  • Right to withdraw participation

    • What is the significance of the Belmont Report (1979) in research ethics?

    <p>It highlighted the importance of ethical considerations in research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of epistemology in research?

    <p>To find the truth and how to get to know it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of conceptualisations in qualitative research?

    <p>To define and come to know the truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychological research?

    <p>To gather information in a scientific and unbiased way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a literature review in research?

    <p>To identify gaps in knowledge and formulate a research problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'problem formulation' stage in research?

    <p>To identify the gaps in knowledge and formulate a research problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a research proposal?

    <p>To ask for permission to conduct the research and secure funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'research design' stage in research?

    <p>To determine the research methodology and approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'data analysis' in research?

    <p>To make sense of the data collected from the participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of 'ethical considerations' in research?

    <p>To address the ethical concerns of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'dissemination of results' in research?

    <p>To report the findings of the study to the academic community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of the author regarding poor questions?

    <p>That they are too broad and vague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an exploratory question in research?

    <p>To gain a deeper understanding of a topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a descriptive question?

    <p>It seeks to describe a phenomenon in detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of research, according to the author?

    <p>To add to the body of knowledge about human life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of an explanatory question?

    <p>It seeks to explain why something is happening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a research question, as exemplified in the example provided?

    <p>To speculate about the attitudes of teachers in other parts of South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is research, according to the author?

    <p>A method of enquiry to look for reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of researchers, according to the author?

    <p>To build on existing knowledge to refine the profession's knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental assumption of postpositivism?

    <p>Reality is multifaceted, subjective and mentally constructed by individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to critical theory, what is the primary source of valid knowledge?

    <p>A critique of the social structure and systems in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of postmodernism?

    <p>A rejection of the notion of a fixed, universal and eternal foundation of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common theme among interpretivism, critical theory, and postmodernism?

    <p>A rejection of the idea of a fixed, universal reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of the idea that no developed theory is universal?

    <p>Theories can only be applied to specific situations and populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between postpositivism and critical theory?

    <p>Postpositivism emphasizes the importance of objective knowledge, while critical theory emphasizes the role of power in shaping knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of psychology as a science?

    <p>To understand, predict and control human behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a research question in a study?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a good research question?

    <p>It should be concise, clear and operationalizable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine if a research question is good?

    <p>Based on expert opinion and literature review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between a research question and an interview question?

    <p>Research questions are broad, while interview questions are specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a poor research question?

    <p>It is vague and open-ended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a research question in a study?

    <p>To provide a focus for the study and guide the entire research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of having a poor research question?

    <p>It wastes time and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Psychology Research

    • Psychology is a science that aims to understand, predict, and control behavior by researching human beings to add to the body of knowledge, develop psychological theories, and create tools and strategies to help people.

    The Importance of a Research Question

    • A research question is crucial in guiding the entire study and should be clear and focused.
    • A good research question helps to:
      • Specify what intrigues the researcher and focuses on what will be studied.
      • Direct the study.
      • Provide a focus for data collection.
      • Prevent wasting time and resources.

    Qualities of a Good Research Question

    • A good research question should be:
      • Concise
      • Clear
      • Operationalizable
      • Open-ended
      • Elegant
      • Timely
      • Theoretically rich
      • Puzzle features
      • Self-explanatory
      • Grammatically correct

    Components of Poor Research Questions

    • Poor research questions require participants to:
      • Consider too many vague options
      • Answer obvious questions
      • Tell what others need
      • Plan the future
      • Solve world problems
      • Answer double-barreled questions

    Moving Beyond the Basics: Categories of Research Questions

    • There are three categories of research questions:
      • Exploratory questions: Used when little is known about a topic, to find out more.
      • Descriptive questions: To find out exactly what is happening, including behaviors and sequence of events.
      • Explanatory questions: To find answers for why things are happening as they do, focusing on cause-and-effect.

    The Global Character of a Research Question

    • A research question can have a global character, allowing the researcher to generalize findings beyond the sample studied.

    The Research Process

    • Research is a systematic process involving:
      • Choosing a research topic or idea
      • Conducting a literature review
      • Identifying gaps in knowledge
      • Formulating a research aim and objectives
      • Designing the study
      • Collecting and analyzing data
      • Ensuring scientific rigor and validity
      • Addressing ethical considerations
      • Reporting the findings

    Ethical Considerations

    • Ethical considerations are crucial in research, involving:
      • Obtaining permission
      • Informed assent and consent
      • Anonymity and confidentiality
      • Right to withdraw participation
      • Non-maleficence and beneficence
      • Safe-keeping of data
      • Facilitating counseling

    Introducing Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research methods are used to collect data, focusing on understanding and interpreting reality.
    • Ontology (what is truth?) and epistemology (how can we find or get to know the truth?) are fundamental to qualitative research.
    • Conceptualizations of qualitative research identify how the research defines and comes to know the truth.

    The Philosophical Grounding of Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research is grounded in various philosophical perspectives, including:
      • Postpositivism: Reality is multifaceted, subjective, and mentally constructed.
      • Interpretivism: Social reality is created, and identity is formed within the political and power field of knowledge.
      • Critical theory: Social reality is created, and identity is formed within the political and power field of knowledge.
      • Postmodernism: Rejects the notion of objective knowledge and the idea of a fixed, universal, and eternal foundation of reality.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of psychology, including its aims and the importance of research questions in studying human behavior.

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