Psychology Chapter 1: Scientific Method and Biases
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason we rely on the scientific method to understand behavior?

  • Commonsense psychology leads to biased and unreliable conclusions about behavior. (correct)
  • The scientific method is better at examining the complexities of human behavior.
  • The scientific method is more reliable than personal experience.
  • The scientific method provides us with explanations and predictions based only on scientific evidence.

    • Which of the following statements accurately describes the text's perspective on "commonsense psychology"?

  • Commonsense psychology is a reliable way to gather psychological data.
  • Commonsense psychology can be influenced by unreliable sources and flawed reasoning. (correct)
  • Commonsense psychology is a useful supplement to the scientific method.
  • Commonsense psychology is a necessary foundation for scientific understanding.

    • What two factors does the text identify as limiting our ability to gather psychological data systematically and impartially?

  • The influence of personal biases and the lack of scientific rigor.
  • The availability of research data and the difficulty of conducting ethical experiments.
  • The limitations of our cognitive abilities and the complexity of human behavior.
  • The reliability of information sources and the quality of our inferential strategies. (correct)

    • What does the text suggest about the reliability of commonsense beliefs about behavior?

    <p>Commonsense beliefs can be inconsistent and lead to inaccurate predictions about behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples illustrates a common misconception that can arise from relying on commonsense psychology?

    <p>Opposites attract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue with using traits to predict behaviour?

    <p>Traits can lead to overestimating the consistency of behaviour across situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the example of Carol the librarian illustrate the problem of non-scientific inference?

    <p>It highlights the tendency to assume specific traits based on a person's profession. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for inferential biases in human information processing?

    <p>Cognitive limitations that lead to oversimplification of information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the 'gambler's fallacy' as an example of overconfidence bias?

    <p>The belief that past outcomes influence future probabilities in random events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are inferential biases considered 'shortcuts' in human information processing?

    <p>They provide a simplified approach to dealing with large amounts of information. (C), They enable us to make quick decisions even in complex situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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