Psychology Chapter 1 Quiz

Questions and Answers

How would a Psychoanalytical psychologist likely explain the behavior of tripping another classmate?

As a result of unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions. (correct)

As a response to biological predispositions.

As learned behavior reinforced by peer interaction.

As a reflection of self-actualization needs.

What would a Behavioral psychologist emphasize in relation to checking your phone multiple times in class?

Unconscious drives shaping the need for communication.

Intrinsic motivation to engage in self-fulfillment.

Reward and punishment cycles associated with phone usage. (correct)

The impact of social and cultural influences on habits.

Which explanation would a Cognitive psychologist give for someone looking at themselves in the mirror?

It is driven by a need to meet social expectations.

It reflects cognitive processes related to self-perception. (correct)

It results from choices driven by emotional biases.

It can be attributed to biological instincts regarding appearance.

How would Humanistic psychology interpret the act of checking a phone repeatedly during class?

As a search for self-identity and fulfillment. Signup and view all the answers

What would a Socio-Cultural psychologist argue about the causes of tripping another classmate?

It is influenced by cultural norms and peer behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary missions of psychology before World War II?

Curing mental illness, making lives more fulfilling, and identifying high talent. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in psychology after 1946?

Practicing psychologists found a livelihood in treating mental illness. Signup and view all the answers

What does Positive Psychology primarily emphasize?

Fostering strengths and virtues in individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines psychology?

The scientific study of mental processes and human behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for establishing the first psychology laboratory?

Wilhelm Wundt. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key focus of functionalism according to William James?

Examining the purpose and function of the mind. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept was introduced as a response to the historical neglect of two missions of psychology?

Positive Psychology. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'introspection' in the context of structuralism?

Subjectively analyzing one's own thoughts and feelings. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach places the greatest emphasis on unconscious impulses and childhood experiences?

Psychodynamic Approach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main focus of the Humanistic Approach?

Positive human qualities and personal growth Signup and view all the answers

Which contemporary approach focuses on the influence of social and cultural factors on behavior?

Sociocultural Approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the Cognitive Approach in psychology?

Mental processes involved in knowing Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founding father of the Psychodynamic Approach?

Sigmund Freud Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical approach is primarily concerned with observable behaviors and environmental determinants?

Behavioral Approach Signup and view all the answers

The Evolutionary Approach in psychology focuses on which of the following?

Survival instincts and adaptations Signup and view all the answers

Which of these psychologists is NOT associated with the Humanistic Approach?

Sigmund Freud Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mission of Psychology

Before World War II, psychology focused on curing mental illness, enhancing lives, and identifying talent.
Post-war developments included the establishment of the Veterans Administration and the National Institute of Mental Health, leading to better treatment of mental illness and research funding.
Despite advancements in mental health, psychology's other missions—strength and virtue—were neglected.
The 21st century has seen a shift towards enhancing human potential through Positive Psychology and Emotional Intelligence (EI).

Defining Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior, exploring their interrelationship.
Behavior involves observable actions, while mental processes encompass private thoughts, feelings, and motivations.
Research in psychology employs systematic methods for observing and understanding human behavior.

Historical Perspective

Key influences include Western philosophy, biology, and physiology.
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879, focusing on structuralism through introspection.
William James contributed functionalism, highlighting the adaptive functions of the mind.

Contemporary Approaches

Various psychological approaches include Biological, Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Cognitive, Evolutionary, and Sociocultural.

Biological Approach

Centers on the brain and nervous system to understand behavior, thoughts, and emotions.
Neuroscience examines the structure, function, and development of the nervous system.

Behavioral Approach

Focuses on observable behaviors and their environmental influences.
Key figures include John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.

Psychodynamic Approach

Emphasizes unconscious impulses and childhood family experiences.
Associated with Sigmund Freud, who explored the conflict between biological drives and societal expectations.

Sociocultural Approach

Investigates how social and cultural contexts shape behavior.
Compares behaviors across different countries and cultural groups.

Cognitive Approach

Concentrates on mental processes like attention, perception, memory, thought, and problem-solving.

Humanistic Approach

Highlights positive human qualities and the potential for personal growth.
Significant figures include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Positive Psychology

Defined as the scientific study of positive traits and strengths that help individuals thrive.
Based on the belief that people aspire to lead meaningful, fulfilling lives while enhancing experiences of love, work, and play.

Importance of Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence is crucial for understanding and managing one’s emotions, facilitating motivation and fostering positive social interactions.
It helps avoid decisions influenced by emotional biases and is the first step toward realizing one's potential.

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Description

This quiz covers Chapter 1 of Psychology, focusing on the science of psychology, its origins, and contemporary approaches. Test your understanding of psychology's mission and the evolution of the field before and after World War II.