Psychology Chapter 1 Personality Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of personality according to the text?

  • A pattern of behavior that varies greatly across situations
  • A person's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting (correct)
  • A temporary pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
  • A constantly changing set of behaviors

Why are theories important in understanding the phenomenon of personality?

  • To provide a framework for organizing data in a meaningful way (correct)
  • To confuse researchers by providing conflicting information
  • To prevent researchers from conducting further studies
  • To make data interpretation more difficult

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing personality in the text?

  • Education level (correct)
  • Race
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity

What are some big theoretical questions explored in personality according to the text?

<p>Inherited nature or nurturing environment? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should one always include gender, race, ethnicity, etc. on questionnaires?

<p>To provide context for analyzing the results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cross-cultural psychology research suggest about personality?

<p>'Optimistic' Americans differ significantly from 'Optimistic' Asians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between reliability and validity in the study of personality?

<p>Reliability refers to consistency of response, while validity refers to the extent of measuring what is intended. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on the dynamic interaction between the id, ego, and superego to determine personality?

<p>Psychodynamic theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Freud's 'id' according to his theory of personality?

<p>It attempts to satisfy instinctual drives through childlike thinking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drive in Freud's theory is oriented towards life, survival, and pleasurable behaviors?

<p>Life instinct - Eros (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aspect of personality that the superego represents in Freud's theory?

<p>Moral conscience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment method used in studying personality involves interpreting ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious thoughts?

<p>Projective tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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