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Questions and Answers
Which Big Five domain is linked to lower smoking rates?
Which Big Five domain is linked to lower smoking rates?
A researcher focusing on identifying basic personality traits is using which approach?
A researcher focusing on identifying basic personality traits is using which approach?
Which approach does a researcher take when they look into delinquency to identify associated traits?
Which approach does a researcher take when they look into delinquency to identify associated traits?
Which trait is likely to be judged most accurately based on its observability?
Which trait is likely to be judged most accurately based on its observability?
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Which measurement instrument would a researcher use when taking the many-trait approach to understanding personality?
Which measurement instrument would a researcher use when taking the many-trait approach to understanding personality?
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What trait is commonly associated with individuals who are psychologically well adjusted and often religious?
What trait is commonly associated with individuals who are psychologically well adjusted and often religious?
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Individuals who are politically conservative at age 23 were likely described as which trait at age 3?
Individuals who are politically conservative at age 23 were likely described as which trait at age 3?
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The trait approach to personality primarily relies on which type of research studies?
The trait approach to personality primarily relies on which type of research studies?
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How do personality traits compare to personality types in predicting behavior?
How do personality traits compare to personality types in predicting behavior?
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How do narcissists often present themselves initially in terms of self-esteem?
How do narcissists often present themselves initially in terms of self-esteem?
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Individuals high in which trait might exhibit greater behavioral consistency?
Individuals high in which trait might exhibit greater behavioral consistency?
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What approach did Raymond Cattell use when studying essential traits of personality?
What approach did Raymond Cattell use when studying essential traits of personality?
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Which trait is sometimes proposed to expand the Big Five model to a Big Six?
Which trait is sometimes proposed to expand the Big Five model to a Big Six?
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If Manuel is discontented with economic and political systems as an adult, how would recent research likely describe him as a child?
If Manuel is discontented with economic and political systems as an adult, how would recent research likely describe him as a child?
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Which type of personality judge is likely to have a positive outlook?
Which type of personality judge is likely to have a positive outlook?
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What approach begins by asking 'Who does that?' when studying personality?
What approach begins by asking 'Who does that?' when studying personality?
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How can a 'factor' be best described in the factor analysis approach to personality?
How can a 'factor' be best described in the factor analysis approach to personality?
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What is the primary difference between the typological approach and the three trait approaches to personality?
What is the primary difference between the typological approach and the three trait approaches to personality?
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What is an alternative term for ego resiliency?
What is an alternative term for ego resiliency?
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Which research approach would be most appropriate for understanding the reasons a person uses drugs?
Which research approach would be most appropriate for understanding the reasons a person uses drugs?
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In correlating a single behavior like smoking with multiple traits, which personality approach is utilized?
In correlating a single behavior like smoking with multiple traits, which personality approach is utilized?
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Which trait is noted for generating positive first impressions but negative impressions over time?
Which trait is noted for generating positive first impressions but negative impressions over time?
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What characteristic is positively associated with personality consistency?
What characteristic is positively associated with personality consistency?
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Which Big Five factors are identified as subfactors of the broader personality factor known as plasticity?
Which Big Five factors are identified as subfactors of the broader personality factor known as plasticity?
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How would you describe someone who is low in self-monitoring compared to someone high in self-monitoring?
How would you describe someone who is low in self-monitoring compared to someone high in self-monitoring?
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Which word usage in life stories correlates with being perceived as more intelligent by acquaintances?
Which word usage in life stories correlates with being perceived as more intelligent by acquaintances?
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Which trait is most commonly associated with gregariousness?
Which trait is most commonly associated with gregariousness?
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In the context of the Realistic Accuracy Model, what stage applies when important information is presented but not heard?
In the context of the Realistic Accuracy Model, what stage applies when important information is presented but not heard?
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What concept explains that correlations of behaviors are higher when averaged?
What concept explains that correlations of behaviors are higher when averaged?
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Which of the following represents a situation where behavior is more influenced by context than personality?
Which of the following represents a situation where behavior is more influenced by context than personality?
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What is the correct match for the trait most closely linked with self-discipline?
What is the correct match for the trait most closely linked with self-discipline?
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Which facet is associated with the trait of hostility?
Which facet is associated with the trait of hostility?
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What is a typical behavior of an individual high in right-wing authoritarianism when playing experimental games?
What is a typical behavior of an individual high in right-wing authoritarianism when playing experimental games?
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Which of the following is assessed in the process of convergent validation?
Which of the following is assessed in the process of convergent validation?
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What term describes the principle that the most talkative person at a party is likely also the most talkative at a DMV?
What term describes the principle that the most talkative person at a party is likely also the most talkative at a DMV?
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Based on her preferences, what trait is Sally likely high in?
Based on her preferences, what trait is Sally likely high in?
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What term describes people who adjust their behavior to fit the situation?
What term describes people who adjust their behavior to fit the situation?
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What does Mischel argue regarding personality traits?
What does Mischel argue regarding personality traits?
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How would a situationist interpret a correlation of around .40?
How would a situationist interpret a correlation of around .40?
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What is another term for ego control?
What is another term for ego control?
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Study Notes
Personality Approaches and Key Concepts
- A "factor" in factor analysis is defined as a personality trait.
- Typological approaches emphasize qualitative differences, while three trait approaches focus on quantitative differences.
- Ego resiliency is also referred to as psychological adjustment.
Research Methods in Personality
- Understanding drug use motivations aligns with the many-trait approach.
- Correlating a single behavior with multiple traits, such as the Big Five, is characteristic of the many-trait approach.
- Accurate self-knowledge correlates positively with general mental health.
Traits and Their Implications
- Plasticity includes subfactors of extraversion and openness within the Big Five.
- Narcissism is linked to positive initial impressions but more negative perceptions in long-term relationships.
Personality Measurement and Consistency
- High levels of self-control may indicate greater personality consistency.
- A many-trait approach utilizes instruments like the California Q-Set for measuring traits.
Personality and Beliefs
- Right-wing authoritarianism is associated with uncooperative and inflexible behaviors.
- Individuals high in self-monitoring adjust behavior to fit social situations, contrasting with low self-monitors whose behavior is more personality-driven.
Key Research Findings
- The lexical hypothesis posits that important personality traits are embedded within the language people use.
- Mischel's key argument prioritizes situations over personality traits for predicting behavior.
- Conscientiousness is characterized by self-discipline among personality traits.
Matching Traits and Concepts
- Traits associated with facets:
- Hostility links to Neuroticism.
- Gregariousness links to Extraversion.
- Key stages in the Realistic Accuracy Model are crucial for understanding personal judgments.
Measurement Principles
- Relative consistency refers to higher correlation when behaviors are averaged.
- Situationism highlights that situational factors often dominate over personal traits in predicting behaviors.
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Description
This quiz serves as a study guide for Test 1 in PSY 340, covering essential concepts in personality psychology. It focuses on various approaches such as factor analysis and typological versus trait distinctions. Use this guide to sharpen your understanding and prepare effectively for the exam.
