Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of psychology?

  • Analysis of human behavior
  • Structural study of the human mind
  • Study of human relationships
  • Scientific study of behavior and mental process (correct)
  • Who is considered the father of psychology?

    Wilhelm Wundt

    What major school of thought did Edward B. Titchener found?

    Structuralism

    Structuralism is the first major school of thought in psychology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James contribute to psychology?

    <p>Founder of functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological perspective emphasizes adaptation to the environment?

    <p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the first psychology research lab in the U.S.?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mary Whiton Calkins was awarded a Ph.D. from Harvard.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first American woman to earn an official Ph.D.?

    <p>Margaret Floy Washburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sigmund Freud known for in psychology?

    <p>Founder of Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key concept does Psychoanalysis emphasize?

    <p>Unconscious thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological approach did John B. Watson found?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behaviorism rejects structuralism and Freud's ideas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychology figures with their contributions:

    <p>B.F. Skinner = Studied only outward observable behaviors Carl Rogers = Founded humanistic psychology Edward B. Titchener = Founder of structuralism William James = Founder of functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the behavioral perspective study?

    <p>How behavior is acquired or modified by environmental causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of humanistic psychology?

    <p>Conscious experiences and interpersonal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positive psychology study?

    <p>Positive emotions and psychological states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive perspective focus on?

    <p>How people process and remember information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evolutionary perspective study?

    <p>Why some species adapt better to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology Overview

    • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

    Key Historical Figures

    • Wilhelm Wundt: Father of psychology; established first research lab in 1879; published "Principles of Physiological Psychology" in 1874.
    • Edward B. Titchener: Founder of structuralism; studied under Wundt; first psychology school to disappear.
    • William James: Founder of functionalism; taught at Harvard; emphasized adaptation influenced by Darwin.
    • G. Stanley Hall: Wundt's student; founded first U.S. psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University; established the American Psychological Association.
    • Mary Whiton Calkins: Pioneer in experimental psychology; completed Ph.D. requirements at Harvard but wasn't awarded the degree.
    • Margaret Floy Washburn: First American woman to earn a Ph.D.; conducted research on animals and mental processes.
    • Francis C. Sumner: First African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology; later joined Howard University.
    • Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis; focused on unconscious behavior influencing personality.

    Key Schools of Thought

    • Structuralism: First major psychological school, aimed to break down complex thoughts into elemental structures.
    • Functionalism: Stressed the functional aspects of behavior, emphasizing adaptation to the environment.
    • Psychoanalysis: Focuses on unconscious thoughts affecting behavior and personality.
    • Behaviorism: Founded by John B. Watson; rejected internal mental states, emphasizing observable behavior.
    • Humanistic Psychology: Established by Carl Rogers; focuses on conscious experiences and personal growth.

    Psychological Perspectives

    • Biological Perspective: Studies physical bases of behavior using modern imaging techniques (e.g., PET, MRI, fMRI).
    • Psychodynamic Perspective: Explores unconscious experiences to understand psychological issues.
    • Behavioral Perspective: Analyzes how behavior is acquired or modified through environmental influences.
    • Humanistic Perspective: Emphasizes interpersonal relationships and self-actualization.
    • Positive Psychology Perspective: Investigates positive emotions and psychological well-being.
    • Cognitive Perspective: Focuses on information processing, memory, language development, problem-solving, and thinking.
    • Cross-Cultural Perspective: Examines diverse human behaviors across various cultures.
    • Evolutionary Perspective: Studies adaptation and natural selection’s role in species' survival.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of psychology with these flashcards. Learn about key figures like Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener who shaped the field. Ideal for anyone looking to grasp the basics of psychological principles.

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