Questions and Answers
What is the definition of psychology?
Who is considered the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
What major school of thought did Edward B. Titchener found?
Structuralism
Structuralism is the first major school of thought in psychology.
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What did William James contribute to psychology?
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Which psychological perspective emphasizes adaptation to the environment?
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Who founded the first psychology research lab in the U.S.?
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Mary Whiton Calkins was awarded a Ph.D. from Harvard.
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Who was the first American woman to earn an official Ph.D.?
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What is Sigmund Freud known for in psychology?
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What key concept does Psychoanalysis emphasize?
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What psychological approach did John B. Watson found?
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Behaviorism rejects structuralism and Freud's ideas.
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Match the psychology figures with their contributions:
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What does the behavioral perspective study?
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What is the focus of humanistic psychology?
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What does positive psychology study?
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What does cognitive perspective focus on?
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What does the evolutionary perspective study?
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Study Notes
Psychology Overview
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Key Historical Figures
- Wilhelm Wundt: Father of psychology; established first research lab in 1879; published "Principles of Physiological Psychology" in 1874.
- Edward B. Titchener: Founder of structuralism; studied under Wundt; first psychology school to disappear.
- William James: Founder of functionalism; taught at Harvard; emphasized adaptation influenced by Darwin.
- G. Stanley Hall: Wundt's student; founded first U.S. psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University; established the American Psychological Association.
- Mary Whiton Calkins: Pioneer in experimental psychology; completed Ph.D. requirements at Harvard but wasn't awarded the degree.
- Margaret Floy Washburn: First American woman to earn a Ph.D.; conducted research on animals and mental processes.
- Francis C. Sumner: First African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology; later joined Howard University.
- Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis; focused on unconscious behavior influencing personality.
Key Schools of Thought
- Structuralism: First major psychological school, aimed to break down complex thoughts into elemental structures.
- Functionalism: Stressed the functional aspects of behavior, emphasizing adaptation to the environment.
- Psychoanalysis: Focuses on unconscious thoughts affecting behavior and personality.
- Behaviorism: Founded by John B. Watson; rejected internal mental states, emphasizing observable behavior.
- Humanistic Psychology: Established by Carl Rogers; focuses on conscious experiences and personal growth.
Psychological Perspectives
- Biological Perspective: Studies physical bases of behavior using modern imaging techniques (e.g., PET, MRI, fMRI).
- Psychodynamic Perspective: Explores unconscious experiences to understand psychological issues.
- Behavioral Perspective: Analyzes how behavior is acquired or modified through environmental influences.
- Humanistic Perspective: Emphasizes interpersonal relationships and self-actualization.
- Positive Psychology Perspective: Investigates positive emotions and psychological well-being.
- Cognitive Perspective: Focuses on information processing, memory, language development, problem-solving, and thinking.
- Cross-Cultural Perspective: Examines diverse human behaviors across various cultures.
- Evolutionary Perspective: Studies adaptation and natural selection’s role in species' survival.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of psychology with these flashcards. Learn about key figures like Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener who shaped the field. Ideal for anyone looking to grasp the basics of psychological principles.
