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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of psychology?
What is the primary focus of psychology?
- The study of only cultural context
- The study of only mental processes
- The scientific investigation of mental processes and behaviour (correct)
- The study of only behaviour
Who is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory?
Who is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory?
- Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
- John B. Watson
- Edward Tichener
- William James
What is the main difference between Structuralism and Functionalism?
What is the main difference between Structuralism and Functionalism?
- Structuralism is an objective approach, while Functionalism is a subjective approach
- Structuralism is a subjective approach, while Functionalism is an objective approach
- Structuralism focuses on the function of consciousness, while Functionalism focuses on its structure
- Structuralism focuses on the structure of consciousness, while Functionalism focuses on its function (correct)
What is the main characteristic of Behaviourism?
What is the main characteristic of Behaviourism?
What is the main idea behind Gestalt psychology?
What is the main idea behind Gestalt psychology?
Who is associated with the concept of the 'unconscious'?
Who is associated with the concept of the 'unconscious'?
What is the name of the approach that focuses on the function or purpose of consciousness?
What is the name of the approach that focuses on the function or purpose of consciousness?
Who is associated with Radical Behaviourism?
Who is associated with Radical Behaviourism?
What was Skinner's contribution to psychology?
What was Skinner's contribution to psychology?
What is a key principle of humanist psychology?
What is a key principle of humanist psychology?
What development occurred in the 1950s in psychology?
What development occurred in the 1950s in psychology?
What is a key aspect of the biopsychosocial model?
What is a key aspect of the biopsychosocial model?
Who were prominent humanist psychologists?
Who were prominent humanist psychologists?
What is a key theme in the 1950s development in psychology?
What is a key theme in the 1950s development in psychology?
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Study Notes
Definition of Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes, behavior, and their interaction.
- It considers the individual's biology, psychological experience, and cultural context.
Wilhelm Wundt
- Established the first psychological laboratory in 1876.
- Focused on identifying the elements of consciousness through trained introspection.
Structuralism vs. Functionalism
Structuralism
- Led by Edward Tichener (lived 1876-1972).
- Aimed to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate their relationships.
Functionalism
- Led by William James (lived 1842-1910).
- Focused on investigating the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure.
- Used objective methods, comparative psychology, and applied findings to practical situations.
Consciousness vs. Behaviour
Behaviourism
- Led by John B. Watson (lived 1878-1958).
- Believed that scientific psychology should only study observable behavior.
- Defined behavior as any overt response or activity.
Gestalt Psychology
- Led by Max Wertheimer (lived 1880-1943).
- Psychological phenomena are best viewed as organized, structured wholes, rather than analyzed into component elements.
- Context influences interpretation.
Psychoanalysis
- Led by Sigmund Freud (lived 1856-1939).
- Focused on the "unconscious" containing thoughts, memories, and desires that influence behavior.
Radical Behaviourism
- Led by B.F. Skinner (lived 1904-1990).
- Championed a return to Watson's strict focus on observable behavior.
- Organisms tend to repeat responses leading to positive outcomes and avoid those leading to negative outcomes.
Humanism
- Led by Abraham Maslow (lived 1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (lived 1902-1987).
- Takes an optimistic view of human nature, emphasizing unique qualities, freedom, and potential for personal growth.
Later Developments
- The 1950s saw a renewed interest in cognition, physiology, and the biological bases of behavior.
- Psychology as a profession experienced significant growth during this era.
- Increased interest in the impact of evolution, culture, and the social, cultural, historical, and evolutionary context.
- Recognized the complex and dynamic nature of human experience.
Biopsychosocial Model
- Considers the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors influencing human behavior and mental processes.
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