Questions and Answers
Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?
For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ______.
perceivable and measurable
Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ______.
Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ______.
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Dr. Bogdarian noticed that one of her students addresses her with the word mother instead of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the principles of ______, and hypothesizes the student misspeaks because he is unconsciously associating her with his mother.
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A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principles of ______.
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I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ______ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
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In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ______ include food, water, and shelter.
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Marta is pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. As part of her program, she must write a long research paper based on the data she spent the last year gathering. What is the long research paper called?
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Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ______.
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Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ______ psychology.
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If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?
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Study Notes
Scientific Method in Psychology
- The first step in the scientific method is formulating a hypothesis.
- A hypothesis must be perceivable and measurable to be testable, ensuring it can be examined through observation or experiments.
Concepts in Psychology
- Introspection involves examining one's own conscious experience, as demonstrated by Guillermo applying structuralism.
- Functionalism emphasizes understanding the mind's function as a whole rather than its individual parts.
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Dr. Bogdarian's use of psychoanalytic theory suggests that her student unconsciously associates her with his mother based on early childhood experiences.
Gestalt Psychology
- Gestalt psychology focuses on the perception of patterns and wholes, indicating that the arrangement of sensory experiences affects how they are perceived.
Behavioral Modification Techniques
- Operant conditioning modifies behavior through rewards or punishments, like providing positive reinforcement or administering negative consequences.
Hierarchy of Needs
- In Maslow's hierarchy, basic survival needs encompass essential resources such as food, water, and shelter necessary for existence.
Academic Pursuits in Psychology
- A lengthy research paper required for graduate psychology programs is called a dissertation, detailing the research conducted during doctoral training.
Specializations in Psychology
- A biopsychologist studies the relationship between the nervous system's structure and function with behavior.
- Those interested in cognitive development, moral reasoning, and social changes should specialize in developmental psychology.
Developmental Concepts
- Object permanence is a developmental milestone indicating that infants lack the understanding that hidden objects continue to exist, as demonstrated by their reaction to hidden toys.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the scientific method in psychology with these flashcards. This quiz covers the foundational concepts introduced in Chapter 1. Challenge yourself to recall key definitions and principles essential for understanding psychological research.
