Psy Ch. 1 - Introduction to Psychology

Questions and Answers

How will the SQ3R method help you master psychology?

The SQ3R method provides a systematic approach to studying that helps manage time efficiently and gives control over learning.

Why do psychologists use the scientific method?

Psychologists use the scientific method because it is the most objective method known for obtaining dependable knowledge.

What is psychology?

Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes.

What is a theory?

A theory is a general principle or set of principles proposed to explain how various facts are related. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the conditions under which a particular behavior or mental process may occur. Signup and view all the answers

What is replication in research?

Replication is the process of repeating a study to verify research findings. Signup and view all the answers

What are the goals of psychology?

The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is basic research?

Basic research seeks new knowledge and expands scientific understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is applied research?

Applied research is conducted specifically to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life. Signup and view all the answers

What did the early psychologists contribute to the field?

Early psychologists established psychology as a formal academic discipline, with contributions from figures like Wundt, Titchener, and others. Signup and view all the answers

What is structuralism?

Structuralism is a theory founded by Edward B. Titchener that focuses on analyzing the structure of the mind. Signup and view all the answers

What is functionalism?

Functionalism is a psychological theory that examines how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments. Signup and view all the answers

What is behaviorism?

Behaviorism is a school of psychology that studies only observable and measurable behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is psychoanalysis?

Psychoanalysis is a theory founded by Sigmund Freud that focuses on the unconscious mind in personality and therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is humanistic psychology?

Humanistic psychology is a school that emphasizes the uniqueness of individuals and their capacity for personal growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive psychology?

Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as memory, problem solving, reasoning, and perception. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SQ3R Method

SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Review, and Recite.
This method enhances studying effectiveness and time management, offering control over learning.

Scientific Method in Psychology

Encompasses systematic procedures: identifying problems, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating results.
The method is objective, ensuring reliable knowledge acquisition.

Psychology Definition

The science that studies behavior and mental processes, explaining human thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and actions.

Theory

A principle or set of principles explaining the relationship between various facts.

Hypothesis

A testable prediction regarding conditions under which specific behaviors or mental processes occur.

Replication

The process of repeating studies to confirm research findings and ensure reliability.

Goals of Psychology

Aims to describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes.

Basic Research

Research aimed at gaining new knowledge and enhancing scientific understanding, not immediately practical.

Applied Research

Conducted to solve practical problems and improve life quality using psychological principles.

Contributions of Early Psychologists

Wundt established psychology as a formal discipline; his student Titchener promoted structuralism.
Functionalism, the first American school, highlighted behavior alongside mental processes.
Early female and minority psychologists faced barriers but contributed significantly; minority representation and female degree attainment have increased.

Structuralism

Founded by Edward B. Titchener, who emphasized describing the mind's structure through its basic elements.
His ideas were influenced by Wundt's theories, focusing on consciousness elements.

Functionalism

Founded by William James, this school examines how mental processes help organisms adapt to environments, integrating behavior into the study of psychology.

Behaviorism

Established by John B. Watson, later advanced by B.F. Skinner, it focuses on observable behavior, emphasizing a scientific, objective approach.

Psychoanalysis

Founded by Sigmund Freud, this theory centers on the unconscious mind, influencing both personality theory and therapeutic practices.

Humanistic Psychology

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasized human uniqueness and potential for growth, introducing the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization at the apex.

Cognitive Psychology

Focuses on mental processes like memory, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, and perception, viewing humans as active participants in their environments.

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Description

Explore the foundational concepts of psychology with this quiz based on Chapter 1. Learn about the SQ3R method and the scientific approach used by psychologists to study behavior. Master these essential tools for effective learning and academic success in psychology.