Questions and Answers
How will the SQ3R method help you master psychology?
The SQ3R method provides a systematic approach to studying that helps manage time efficiently and gives control over learning.
Why do psychologists use the scientific method?
Psychologists use the scientific method because it is the most objective method known for obtaining dependable knowledge.
What is psychology?
Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes.
What is a theory?
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What is a hypothesis?
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What is replication in research?
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What are the goals of psychology?
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What is basic research?
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What is applied research?
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What did the early psychologists contribute to the field?
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What is structuralism?
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What is functionalism?
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What is behaviorism?
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What is psychoanalysis?
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What is humanistic psychology?
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What is cognitive psychology?
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Study Notes
SQ3R Method
- SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Review, and Recite.
- This method enhances studying effectiveness and time management, offering control over learning.
Scientific Method in Psychology
- Encompasses systematic procedures: identifying problems, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating results.
- The method is objective, ensuring reliable knowledge acquisition.
Psychology Definition
- The science that studies behavior and mental processes, explaining human thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and actions.
Theory
- A principle or set of principles explaining the relationship between various facts.
Hypothesis
- A testable prediction regarding conditions under which specific behaviors or mental processes occur.
Replication
- The process of repeating studies to confirm research findings and ensure reliability.
Goals of Psychology
- Aims to describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes.
Basic Research
- Research aimed at gaining new knowledge and enhancing scientific understanding, not immediately practical.
Applied Research
- Conducted to solve practical problems and improve life quality using psychological principles.
Contributions of Early Psychologists
- Wundt established psychology as a formal discipline; his student Titchener promoted structuralism.
- Functionalism, the first American school, highlighted behavior alongside mental processes.
- Early female and minority psychologists faced barriers but contributed significantly; minority representation and female degree attainment have increased.
Structuralism
- Founded by Edward B. Titchener, who emphasized describing the mind's structure through its basic elements.
- His ideas were influenced by Wundt's theories, focusing on consciousness elements.
Functionalism
- Founded by William James, this school examines how mental processes help organisms adapt to environments, integrating behavior into the study of psychology.
Behaviorism
- Established by John B. Watson, later advanced by B.F. Skinner, it focuses on observable behavior, emphasizing a scientific, objective approach.
Psychoanalysis
- Founded by Sigmund Freud, this theory centers on the unconscious mind, influencing both personality theory and therapeutic practices.
Humanistic Psychology
- Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasized human uniqueness and potential for growth, introducing the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization at the apex.
Cognitive Psychology
- Focuses on mental processes like memory, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, and perception, viewing humans as active participants in their environments.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of psychology with this quiz based on Chapter 1. Learn about the SQ3R method and the scientific approach used by psychologists to study behavior. Master these essential tools for effective learning and academic success in psychology.