Psychology Chapter 1: Evolution of Psychology

<p>Philosophical idealism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge is acquired through experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>René Descartes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some version of nativism is embraced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are interpretations based on the brain's processing of sensory data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painful unconscious experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John B. Watson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observable behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ivan Pavlov (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To predict and control behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An object or event that elicits a response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing operant conditioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solomon Asch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotypes and prejudices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studying human reaction time and stimulus response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolating and analyzing the mind's basic elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carl Hovland and Irving Janis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identity creation based on group affiliation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noam Chomsky (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human reaction time and nerve impulse lengths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applying modern values to historical contexts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research on human memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People's intentions and inferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory input from the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He taught the first psychology course and published the first textbook (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children can generate sentences they have never heard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conflict between history and modern values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning is not localized to specific brain areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between the brain and the mind. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fMRI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovering the importance of the hippocampus in memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural values and traditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between the brain and behavior in nonhuman animals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variance of wealth in egalitarian societies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donald Olding Hebb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any behaviour that is rewarded will be repeated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People's expectations influence what they remember. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children's understanding of the world is based on concrete experiences, while adults' understanding is more abstract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior is a product of the individual's subjective interpretation of the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kurt Lewin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skinner's work emphasized the importance of reinforcement, while the others focused on the influence of cognitive factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Illusions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conditioning chamber used by B.F. Skinner for experiments.

Behavior rewarded will be repeated; behavior not rewarded will not be repeated.

Illusory motion perceived due to the movement of surrounding objects.

Focuses on how the mind organizes perceptual experiences; the whole is greater than parts.

Argued memory is shaped by our expectations and understanding of the world.

Theorized children's understanding of the world differs fundamentally from adults'.

Contributed to developmental psychology with theories on social aspects of learning.

Behavior is influenced by how individuals interpret their environment, not just the environment itself.

The belief that mind and body are fundamentally different entities.

Philosopher who argued that the mind is what the brain does, supporting materialism.

The tendency for the first items learned to be remembered better than those learned later.

Widely held but oversimplified beliefs about a particular group of people.

The idea that all mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena.

The process of convincing someone to change their beliefs or attitudes.

An English philosopher who championed philosophical realism and believed in a real world.

A person's sense of who they are based on their group memberships.

The view that perceptions of the physical world are produced by sensory information.

Philosopher who suggested basic knowledge is innate and goes beyond Lockean realism.

The process of deducing what others mean to do based on their actions.

The belief that perceptions are the brain's interpretation of sensory information.

Research aimed at understanding how individuals retain and recall information.

Empiricism claims knowledge is acquired through experience; Nativism argues some knowledge is innate.

The process through which people acquire the ability to perceive and produce language.

A shift in psychology focusing on mental processes rather than behavior alone.

Some knowledge is inherent and not learned through experience.

Judging historical figures based on current values and beliefs.

The time taken to respond after a stimulus is presented.

Sensory input from the environment that leads to a reaction.

The founder of modern psychology and the first to establish a psychology lab.

An early school of thought that analyzed the mind's basic elements and structure.

The world’s first psychology course taught by Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig.

The first lab dedicated to psychological research opened by Wundt.

A key figure in psychology who developed psychoanalytic theory.

The theory that emphasizes the impact of unconscious processes on behavior.

Part of the mind that contains memories, feelings, and desires that are not accessible to conscious awareness.

A psychological approach that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behaviors.

A psychologist known for his research on classical conditioning.

The relationship between an event (stimulus) and the reaction it provokes (response).

Psychologist who promoted behaviorism and focused on predicting and controlling behavior.

A key figure in behaviorism, known for his work on operant conditioning.

A psychologist who studied learning and concluded it's not 'localized' in the brain.

The study of the relationship between the brain and the mind, especially in humans.

The study of how the brain influences behavior, particularly in nonhuman animals.

A technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow.

A brain structure critical for memory formation, discovered by Brenda Milner.

The study of how culture affects mental processes and behavior.

Divisions of people in society based on economic or social status.

A psychologist known for his influential work in cognitive neuroscience.