Psychology Chapter 1: Episodic Memory Dynamics

<p>Association with emotional states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remembering your first day of school. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Episodic memory involves specific experiences and context, while semantic memory relates to general knowledge and facts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to remember specific moments in time and vividly experience them again. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By encoding the relative timing of rhythmic activity in different neuron populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to form new memories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newer memories are more affected than older memories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Episodic memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Procedural memory involves knowing how to do things, while episodic memory involves remembering specific experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves remembering specific experiences, often linked to a particular time and place. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The continuous sequence of spatial and temporal information associated with an experience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term memory decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entorhinal lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows robust activation during complex memory tasks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They plan for future needs related to food storage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce distinct effects based on the area damaged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hippocampus is critical for memory formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in coordination between different memory systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excitement of neurons via sodium and potassium channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium-activated nonspecific cation current (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By exhibiting strong oscillatory activity and resonance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To adapt neuronal activity to prior input levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowing neurons to rebound from inhibition and generate oscillations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial entorhinal cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate coding of space and time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dentate gyrus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits neuronal firing through chloride channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Role of CA1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Firing frequency adjusts based on the strength of input (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthening associations between sensory details and spatiotemporal trajectories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating the categorization of memories by broader themes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spiking activity and synaptic potentials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergence mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess memory retention across trial delays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocampus, septum, and fornix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning and memory of platform location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first choice is forced by blocking an arm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory of novel versus familiar stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit impairment in avoiding previously explored arms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term retention of spatial memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a central hub for memory encoding and retrieval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rats follow their instinct to visit the unvisited arm from the last trial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impairment of extinction after extensive training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recollection of specific sensory experiences tied to times and places.

Inputs from the senses that help create memories.

Specific moments when events occur in episodic memory.

Particular locations associated with memories.

Episodic memory defined by Endel Tulving in 1972.

Memory for facts and general knowledge without specific context.

Memory for skills and how to do things unconsciously.

Short-term memory for holding and manipulating information.

The ability to mentally relive past experiences.

Episodic memory as a sequence of spatial and timing information.

Includes absolute location, movement, direction, and timing.

A patient who lost the ability to form new episodic memories.

Inability to form new memories after a brain injury.

Loss of memories before a particular point in time.

A task where rats remember and alternate choices over a delay.

A task where rats are rewarded for changing their choice from the previous trial.

A task where rats must choose the previously blocked arm after a delay.

Training rats to switch food locations on a T-maze after learning one side.

A maze where rats navigate to find food while avoiding revisits.

A task to assess a rat's memory of a hidden platform using spatial cues.

Tests that measure how well rats recall a hidden platform's location after it's removed.

Evaluates memory by observing rats' focus on new versus familiar objects.

Damage to the hippocampus that impairs spatial learning and memory in rats.

The capability of rats to remember details of what, where, and when regarding their experiences.

Separate processing pathways for 'what' (items/events) and 'where' (spatial location) in the brain.

Processes items/events and receives input from the perirhinal cortex; projects to distal CA1.

Processes spatial location; receives input from the parahippocampal cortex and relies on postsubiculum input.

Links spatial context ('where') with specific events ('what') to create episodic memories.

Episodic memories integrate sensory details via widespread neuronal activation across sensory cortices.

Episodic memories can be triggered by different contextual cues, integrating 'what' and 'where'.

Neurons maintain resting potential due to differences in sodium, chloride, and potassium ions, influencing excitability.

Receive convergent input from both lateral and medial entorhinal cortex, enabling memory differentiation by themes.

Hippocampal damage spares short-term memory but affects long-term retention.

Hippocampus is needed when working memory capacity is exceeded, especially in longer lists.

A task that tests short-term memory decay in individuals, particularly amnesics.

Functional imaging studies tie hippocampal activity to memory encoding and retrieval.

Scrub jays show episodic-like memory, recalling what, where, and when they stored food.

Research on nonhuman primates links hippocampal studies to episodic memory in humans.

Lesions in various medial temporal structures have unique effects on memory performance.

The fornix is involved in memory processing, especially linked to the hippocampus.

A rapid spike in membrane potential when sodium channels open at ~-50mV.

Glutamate excites, GABA inhibits, and acetylcholine modulates neural activity.

Neurons fire continuously after a stimulus ends, even with blocked transmission.

Calcium-activated nonspecific cation current driving persistent spiking.

Neurons resonate at specific frequencies, impacting spatial and temporal coding.

Oscillations between 4-10 Hz in entorhinal and hippocampal circuits.

Gradual slowing of neuron firing during sustained input; forms short-term memory.

Hyperpolarization-activated cation current enabling rebound after inhibition.