Psychology Chapter 1: Development Stages
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome for children who successfully develop autonomy during early childhood?

  • They feel inferior to their peers.
  • They experience high levels of guilt.
  • They struggle with decision-making.
  • They develop a sense of personal control. (correct)

    • What does Erikson suggest happens when children exert too much power during the initiative vs. guilt stage?

  • They develop independence from parents.
  • They experience disapproval and guilt. (correct)
  • They become overly confident leaders.
  • They gain a strong sense of purpose.

    • During the stage of industry vs. inferiority, what is essential for children to develop a sense of competence?

  • Complete independence from guidance.
  • Avoidance of social interactions.
  • Isolation from peers.
  • Encouragement from parents and teachers. (correct)

    • Which outcome results from children who struggle with feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt during early development?

    <p>Feelings of inferiority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately emerges when there is an ideal balance between initiative and working with others?

    <p>The quality of will.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can early childhood experiences with bodily control influence a child's sense of independence?

    <p>They create a foundation for personal control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial stage takes place during ages 5 to 11 and focuses on academic and social demands?

    <p>Industry vs. Inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feelings may develop in children who are shamed and struggle with personal control?

    <p>Inadequacy and self-doubt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of successfully navigating the stage of Identity vs. Confusion during adolescence?

    <p>Fidelity and a strong sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ego identity develop according to Erikson?

    <p>Through social interaction and changing experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from failure to establish personal identity during adolescence?

    <p>Insecurity and confusion about oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of identity is emphasized as continuously changing throughout a person's life?

    <p>Ego identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as a foundation for guiding a person’s beliefs and actions as they grow older?

    <p>Personal identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge faced by young adults during the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

    <p>Forming intimate, loving relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strength is associated with successfully overcoming challenges in the stage of competence?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative emotional outcome can arise from unresolved identity issues during adolescence?

    <p>Feelings of insecurity and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What virtue is achieved when people successfully develop intimate relationships during early adulthood?

    <p>Love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to happen to individuals with a poor sense of self in relationships?

    <p>They are more likely to experience emotional isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the outcomes of successfully navigating the generativity vs. stagnation stage?

    <p>A strong sense of pride in accomplishments is achieved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for achieving the virtue of integrity in old age?

    <p>Reflecting positively on life's accomplishments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence for adults who fail to nurture things that outlast them?

    <p>They might experience feelings of unproductiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do individuals develop a strong personal identity, crucial for forming intimate relationships?

    <p>Identity vs. Role Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional outcome is associated with successful resolution of integrity vs. despair?

    <p>A sense of wisdom and fulfillment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common outcome of the successful resolution of the initiatives vs. guilt stage?

    <p>Experience of persistent guilt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust

    • Occurs during infancy, where children develop trust through consistent care and love from caregivers.
    • Lack of trust due to inconsistent care, neglect, or abuse leads to a sense of mistrust and insecurity.
    • Successful completion results in the virtue of hope - a belief in the goodness of the world and the people in it.

    Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

    • Children strive for independence and control over their bodies and actions.
    • Develops between ages 1 and 3.
    • Success fosters feelings of autonomy and confidence.
    • Failure leads to feelings of shame and doubt and difficulty with self-reliance.
    • Evolves the virtue of will - a belief in one's ability to act independently and make decisions.

    Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

    • Occurs during the preschool years (ages 3-5).
    • Children explore their surroundings with curiosity and experiment with social roles.
    • Successful exploration leads to a sense of purpose and initiative.
    • Suppression of initiative due to disapproval from caregivers leads to guilt and self-doubt.
    • Results in the virtue of purpose - a belief in one's ability to make plans and take initiative.

    Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

    • Develops during the early school years (ages 5-11).
    • Involves mastering new skills, learning to work with others, and building self-esteem.
    • Encouragement and positive feedback from parents and teachers foster a sense of competency and pride.
    • Lack of support can lead to feelings of inferiority and doubt about one's abilities.
    • Develops the virtue of competence - a belief in one's ability to navigate the challenges of life.

    Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion

    • Occurs during adolescence (ages 12-18).
    • Focuses on exploring one's identity, values, and beliefs, and developing a clear sense of self.
    • Successful exploration leads to a strong sense of personal identity and a feeling of belonging.
    • Unable to establish a clear sense of self leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
    • Develops the virtue of fidelity - a commitment to one's values and beliefs, and to the relationships that shape them.

    Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation

    • Happens during early adulthood (ages 18-40).
    • Involves forming close and intimate relationships with others, including romantic partners and friends.
    • Successful relationships foster a sense of intimacy and connection.
    • Difficulty connecting with others leads to isolation, fear of commitment, and loneliness.
    • Develops the virtue of love - the ability to form committed and loving relationships with others.

    Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation

    • Occurs during middle adulthood (ages 40-65).
    • Focuses on contributing to society and leaving a legacy through work, family, or community involvement.
    • Success leads to feelings of purpose and accomplishment.
    • Failure results in stagnation and a sense of purposelessness; individuals are defined by lack of achievement.
    • Develops the virtue of care - a concern for the welfare of others, present and future.

    Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair

    • Takes place during late adulthood (ages 65+).
    • Involves reflecting on one's life, accepting its successes and failures, and seeking meaning and purpose in the face of mortality.
    • A sense of accomplishment leads to feelings of fulfillment and acceptance.
    • Regret over missed opportunities and unfulfilled goals leads to despair and a sense of emptiness.
    • Develops the virtue of wisdom - the ability to accept life's fullness and limitations.

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    Description

    This quiz explores Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, highlighting trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, and initiative vs. guilt. Each stage outlines the key challenges and virtues that shape a child's growth and identity. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts in development psychology.

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