Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the medulla in the brain stem?
What is the primary function of the medulla in the brain stem?
What is the purpose of the reticular formation in the brain?
What is the purpose of the reticular formation in the brain?
Which brain imaging technique uses computer-controlled X-rays?
Which brain imaging technique uses computer-controlled X-rays?
What is the function of the pons in the brain stem?
What is the function of the pons in the brain stem?
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What is the purpose of deep lesioning?
What is the purpose of deep lesioning?
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Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement?
Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement?
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What is the primary function of the thalamus in the limbic system?
What is the primary function of the thalamus in the limbic system?
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What is the purpose of an electroencephalograph (EEG)?
What is the purpose of an electroencephalograph (EEG)?
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What is the function of electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)?
What is the function of electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)?
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Which brain imaging technique uses a radioactive sugar to compile a color-coded image of brain activity?
Which brain imaging technique uses a radioactive sugar to compile a color-coded image of brain activity?
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Study Notes
Brain Stimulation and Imaging
- Deep lesioning: a procedure that inserts a thin, insulated wire into the brain to destroy brain cells at the tip of the wire using an electrical current.
- Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB): a milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message.
Brain Imaging Techniques
- Electroencephalograph (EEG): a machine that records brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity on the brain's surface.
- Computed Tomography (CT): a brain-imaging method using computer-controlled X-rays of the brain.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET): a brain-imaging method that injects radioactive sugar into the subject, creating a color-coded image of brain activity, with lighter colors indicating more activity.
Brain Stem Structures
- Medulla: the lowest part of the brain, responsible for life-sustaining functions like breathing, swallowing, and heart rate.
- Pons: a structure above the medulla, connecting the top and bottom of the brain, involved in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal.
- Reticular Formation (RF): an area of neurons in the medulla and pons responsible for selective attention.
Other Brain Structures
- Cerebellum: a part of the lower brain, controlling and coordinating involuntary, rapid, fine motor movements.
- Limbic System: a group of brain structures involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation.
Limbic System Structures
- Thalamus: relays sensory information from the lower brain to the cortex, processing some sensory information before sending it to its proper area.
- Olfactory Bulbs: two projections under the front of the brain, receiving information from nasal receptors.
- Hypothalamus: a structure below the thalamus, responsible for motivational behavior like sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex, and controlling the pituitary gland.
- Hippocampus: a curved structure in each temporal lobe, forming long-term memories and storing memory for object locations.
- Amygdala: a structure near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and fear memory.
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