22 Questions
What is TMS used for?
TMS is used for neural interference and neuromodulation, allowing temporary changes in the functioning of cortical regions and related cognitive functions.
What is the Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law of electromagnetism?
The Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law of electromagnetism states that a current flux of a given intensity (I) in a conductor creates a magnetic field (B) around the conductor itself.
What is the rule of right hand used for?
The rule of right hand is used for circular conductors.
What are some examples of TMS experimental designs?
MEPs, Phosphenes, and fMRI-guided TMS are examples of TMS experimental designs.
What are the pros and cons of TMS?
The pros and cons of TMS are summarized in the text.
What is the Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law?
The law describes how a magnetic field generated by a current can induce an electric field in a nearby conductor.
What is the purpose of TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)?
TMS is used to establish causal relationships between brain function and behavior by applying magnetic pulses to specific areas of the brain.
How does TMS target specific brain regions and depths?
TMS uses coils of different shapes and positions, with circular or figure-8 coils determining focality and depth, and coil position and orientation determining location.
What can be adjusted in TMS to evoke motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) or phosphenes?
The intensity and frequency of TMS pulses can be adjusted.
What are some clinical applications of TMS?
Treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including stroke, aphasia, motor disability, tinnitus, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and epilepsy.
What are the principles behind tDCS and tACS in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES)?
tDCS applies a constant direct current to increase or decrease cortical excitability, while tACS uses alternating currents to entrain neural oscillations.
What is the history of TES related to?
It dates back to Galvani and Volta's discovery of electric conduction in animal cells and Aldini's use of electric stimulation to ameliorate melancholia.
What does tDCS do when anodal stimulation is applied?
It increases cortical excitability.
What are some pros and cons of TMS?
TMS is non-invasive, allows causal inference, and has great temporal and good spatial resolution but requires a good control condition, can be painful, and has shallow stimulation depth.
What are some pros and cons of TES?
TES is non-invasive, has no long-term side effects, and is flexible in choosing within and between-subject designs but requires good control conditions, has exclusion criteria, and may not be as spatially specific as TMS.
What type of electrical current does tACS use?
tACS uses alternating currents to entrain neural oscillations.
How can tDCS be applied?
tDCS can be applied offline (before a task), online (during a task), or both, with different montages and timing strategies used for various applications.
how deep can it go and mension some ways of locating the place
It goes around 2cm, can be anatomically by EEG system or by neuroimaging and navigation
WHat does shape of coil determine
focality and depth
Name 2 pros and 2 cons of TMS
pro- non-invasive and no long term effects Cons- shallow stimulation Can be painful/annoying
What is the point of TDCS
Delivering the current
What is happing diffrentlt in Tdcs regarding AP comparing TMS
It does not induces the ap but increases the changes of it happening
Study Notes
- The Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law describes how a magnetic field generated by a current can induce an electric field in a nearby conductor, interfering with neuronal activity.
- TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) is a non-invasive technique used to establish causal relationships between brain function and behavior by applying magnetic pulses to specific areas of the brain.
- TMS uses coils of different shapes and positions to target specific brain regions and depths, with circular or figure-8 coils determining focality and depth, and coil position and orientation determining location.
- The intensity and frequency of TMS pulses can be adjusted to evoke motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) or phosphenes, or to induce intracortical inhibition or facilitation, depending on interstimulus intervals.
- TMS has clinical applications in treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including stroke, aphasia, motor disability, tinnitus, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and epilepsy.
- TES (Transcranial Electrical Stimulation), including tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) and tACS (transcranial alternating current stimulation), also uses electrical currents to modulate brain activity but relies on different principles: tDCS applies a constant direct current to increase or decrease cortical excitability, while tACS uses alternating currents to entrain neural oscillations.
- The history of TES dates back to Galvani and Volta's discovery of electric conduction in animal cells and Aldini's use of electric stimulation to ameliorate melancholia.
- tDCS applies a constant electrical current between two electrodes, with anodal stimulation increasing cortical excitability and cathodal stimulation decreasing it, and modulatory evidence from MEPs supporting these effects.
- tDCS can be applied offline (before a task), online (during a task), or both, with different montages and timing strategies used for various applications.
- TMS and TES have pros and cons: TMS is non-invasive, allows causal inference, and has great temporal and good spatial resolution but requires a good control condition, can be painful, and has shallow stimulation depth. TES is non-invasive, has no long-term side effects, and is flexible in choosing within and between-subject designs but requires good control conditions, has exclusion criteria, and may not be as spatially specific as TMS.
This quiz covers the basics, methods, experimental designs, clinical applications, and the pros and cons of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Electric Stimulation (TES) in the field of neuroimaging.
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