Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was John B. Watson's main contribution to psychology?
What was John B. Watson's main contribution to psychology?
- Establishing the theory of operant conditioning
- Founding the behaviorist approach (correct)
- Development of cognitive therapy techniques
- Pioneering the study of psychoanalysis
In the Little Albert experiment, what type of conditioning was demonstrated?
In the Little Albert experiment, what type of conditioning was demonstrated?
- Operant conditioning
- Observational learning
- Cognitive conditioning
- Classical conditioning (correct)
Which perspective examines the role of natural selection in shaping behavior?
Which perspective examines the role of natural selection in shaping behavior?
- Biological psychology
- Cognitive psychology
- Evolutionary psychology (correct)
- Behavioral psychology
What does operant conditioning emphasize?
What does operant conditioning emphasize?
Biological psychology focuses primarily on which of the following?
Biological psychology focuses primarily on which of the following?
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?
What is a key difference between biological psychology and evolutionary psychology?
What is a key difference between biological psychology and evolutionary psychology?
Which of the following concepts is NOT aligned with the cognitive perspective?
Which of the following concepts is NOT aligned with the cognitive perspective?
What is the primary focus of psychology as a social science?
What is the primary focus of psychology as a social science?
Which figure is known as the father of experimental psychology?
Which figure is known as the father of experimental psychology?
What method did Wilhelm Wundt use to study consciousness?
What method did Wilhelm Wundt use to study consciousness?
In which area did William James primarily contribute?
In which area did William James primarily contribute?
Sigmund Freud's theory emphasizes which aspect of the mind?
Sigmund Freud's theory emphasizes which aspect of the mind?
What significant contribution did William James make to psychology?
What significant contribution did William James make to psychology?
What does the term 'stream of consciousness' refer to?
What does the term 'stream of consciousness' refer to?
Which of the following best describes psychoanalysis?
Which of the following best describes psychoanalysis?
Flashcards
What is Psychology?
What is Psychology?
The study of the mind and behavior, considering individual and social contexts.
Scientific Method in Psychology
Scientific Method in Psychology
A method using empirical research and experimentation to understand psychological phenomena.
Psychology as a Social Science
Psychology as a Social Science
Examines behavior and emotions within societal and interpersonal interactions.
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
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William James
William James
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Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud
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John B. Watson
John B. Watson
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B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner
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Biological Psychology
Biological Psychology
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Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
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Cognitive Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
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Schemas
Schemas
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Cognitive Biases
Cognitive Biases
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Study Notes
Psychology Overview
- Definition: Psychology studies the mind and behavior, focusing on individual and social contexts.
- Scientific Method: Psychology employs empirical research and experimentation, aiming to uncover principles governing psychological phenomena.
- Social Science: It examines behavior and emotions within societal and interpersonal interactions, highlighting cultural and environmental influences.
Historical Figures in Psychology
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Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
- Founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany.
- Pioneered introspection for studying consciousness elements.
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William James (1842-1910)
- Key figure of functionalism, focusing on the purpose of mental processes.
- Introduced "stream of consciousness," emphasizing its adaptive functions.
- Authored the influential textbook "Principles of Psychology."
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- Developed psychoanalysis, emphasizing the unconscious mind's role.
- Argued that unresolved conflicts in the unconscious lead to psychological issues.
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John B. Watson (1878-1958)
- Pioneered behaviorism, focusing on observable behavior rather than mental processes.
- Conducted the Little Albert experiment, illustrating conditioned fear.
- Advocated that environmental factors primarily shape behavior (nurture).
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B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
- Developed operant conditioning theory, emphasizing behavior shaped by consequences.
- His work influenced behavior modification techniques for changing unwanted behaviors.
Perspectives in Psychology
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Biological Psychology
- Focuses on physiological bases of behavior, studying the nervous system, genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
- Methods include brain studies and genetic research.
- Examples: Influence of neurotransmitters on mood, genetics in mental disorders, and hormones in behaviors.
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Evolutionary Psychology
- Examines behaviors influenced by evolutionary processes, focusing on natural selection and adaptation.
- Methods involve comparative studies and analyzing behavior's adaptive functions.
- Examples: Adaptive fear responses, mate selection preferences, and cooperation in evolution.
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Cognitive Perspective
- Analyzes internal mental processes like thinking, memory, and decision-making.
- Treats the mind as an information processor, using concepts like schemas (knowledge organization) and cognitive biases (systematic thinking errors).
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