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Questions and Answers
What are the two divisions of observation in research?
Which variable is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment?
In a case study method, what is identified as the main unit of analysis?
What is a primary purpose of psychological tests in research?
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What method is generally employed to study opinions and attitudes of individuals?
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In psychological research, which of the following responses can be obtained through testing?
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What foundational element is crucial for the development of psychological tests?
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What type of research involves the deliberate manipulation of variables?
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What is the primary focus of the study of behaviour genetics?
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Which layer of consciousness is not part of Freud's hierarchical arrangement?
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How did Freud primarily explore the nature of the unconscious?
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What key aspect did Carl Rogers emphasize in his humanistic approach?
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What does the humanistic approach primarily assume about individuals?
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Which of the following aspects is NOT studied by the physiological basis of human behavior?
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According to Freud, what primarily triggers human behaviors?
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The impact of hormonal secretion on behavior is an area of study within which approach?
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What is the main purpose of conducting an interview?
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What defines a structured interview?
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Which method is NOT typically used for conducting interviews?
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What skill is essential for an interviewer to effectively conduct an interview?
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How do unstructured interviews differ from structured interviews?
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What type of interview is suitable for understanding an interviewee's personal experiences and feelings?
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Which of the following best describes the sequence of items in a questionnaire?
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Which of the following is true about structured interviews?
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What is the purpose of command over language in an interview context?
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What does the reliability of a test refer to?
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What does validity in a test measure?
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What type of stimuli are used in projective tests?
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What forms can the items in a questionnaire take?
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How is an interview often characterized in data collection?
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In a structured interview, how are the questions presented?
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What is a common feature of a qualitative interview?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with the scientific method?
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What is the primary purpose of the observational method in psychology?
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Which method focuses on a detailed exploration of a single individual?
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In experimental research, what is the variable that is manipulated?
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What type of questions are typically included in a questionnaire?
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What is the main difference between structured and unstructured interviews?
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Which of the following approaches is NOT used to understand mental processes?
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Which method controls for relevant variables during research?
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Study Notes
Psychology Approaches
- Biological Approach focuses on understanding how the body's biological systems, including the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, influence various behaviors. By examining the interplay between genetic factors and physiological processes, this approach seeks to explain mental health conditions, emotional responses, and cognitive functions through a scientific framework.hemistry, and brain structure, influence thoughts, emotions, and actions. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of biological systems and behavioral outcomes, making it essential in the fields of psychology and neuroscience for a comprehensive understanding of behavior.
- Cognitive Approach focuses on mental processes such as memory, perception, and thinking.
- Humanistic Approach emphasizes individual growth, self-actualization, and the importance of choice in shaping behavior.
- Psychoanalytic Approach delves into the unconscious mind, emphasizing early childhood experiences and their influence on behavior.
- Behavioristic Approach focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning and reinforcement.
Scientific Method
- Objectivity is crucial for unbiased observations and interpretations.
- Testability means research questions can be tested through empirical methods.
- Self-correcting nature allows for revisions and improvements based on new findings.
- Replicability ensures consistency in observations and findings among different researchers.
Methods of Psychology
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Observational method provides insights into behavior in natural or laboratory settings.
- Participant observation involves the researcher actively participating in the observed group.
- Non-participant observation involves observing from a distance without interacting.
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Experimental method investigates the effect of one variable on another.
- Independent variable is manipulated by the researcher.
- Dependent variable is measured to observe its response to the independent variable.
- Case study involves in-depth analysis of an individual's experiences, providing a detailed understanding of their unique situation.
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Survey method gathers information about a group's opinions, attitudes, beliefs, and values through questionnaires or interviews.
- Closed ended questions offer predefined choices for respondents.
- Open-ended questions allow for free-form answers.
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Interview method involves direct interaction between an interviewer and interviewee.
- Structured interviews use predefined questions with pre-determined response options.
- Unstructured interviews allow for flexibility and open-ended questions.
Psychological Tools
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Psychological tests measure various psychological attributes, such as intelligence, aptitude, and interest.
- Reliability indicates the consistency of a test's results.
- Validity refers to the test accurately measuring what it aims to measure.
- Projective tests use ambiguous or unstructured stimuli, such as images or incomplete sentences, to reveal personality traits.
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Questionnaires are sets of questions administered to individuals or groups in written format.
- Close-ended questions provide limited choices for respondents.
- Open-ended questions allow for more elaborate answers.
- Interviews involve direct face-to-face interactions to gain insights into the interviewee's thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
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Description
Explore the various approaches in psychology, including Biological, Cognitive, Humanistic, Psychoanalytic, and Behavioristic perspectives. This quiz also covers key aspects of the scientific method, such as objectivity, testability, self-correcting nature, and replicability, vital for conducting psychological research.