Questions and Answers
Which approach specifically refers to Freud’s theories?
What did humanists emphasize as opposed to a deterministic view of behavior?
Which term does Abraham Maslow associate with the capacity to realize one's potential fully?
What is the main focus of the sociocultural approach in psychology?
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Carl Rogers is known for developing which type of therapy?
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What does the biological approach primarily investigate?
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Which approach considers the individual's subjective experience as a key component?
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What does the term 'actualizing tendency' refer to in the humanistic approach?
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Which approach focuses on observable stimuli and responses rather than mental processes?
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According to the psychodynamic approach, which factor primarily influences behavioral aspects?
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Which psychologist is closely associated with the Behavioural Approach and known for his work on learning theory?
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Which concept emphasizes the study of consciousness as an ongoing process instead of its components?
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What critical aspect is emphasized by the Cognitive Approach in understanding human behavior?
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What principle is primarily associated with Gestalt Psychology?
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What common misconception is associated with the Behavioural Approach?
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Which of the following best describes Freud's concept of the ego?
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Which major approach in psychology deals with the implications of early childhood experiences on mental health?
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What did John B. Watson's behaviorism emphasize as the primary focus of psychological study?
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Which term refers to the study of the mind as an active processor of information?
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Which element is NOT part of Freud's structure of personality?
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What is one of the foundational premises of the Psychoanalytic Approach?
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What does the term 'Gestalt' translate to and signify within psychology?
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Which of the following did behaviorists reject in their approach to psychology?
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In psychoanalytic theory, what is the primary role of defense mechanisms?
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Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the relationship between mental processes and behaviors?
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What aspect of psychology did Gestalt psychologists primarily study?
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Study Notes
Approaches to Psychology
- Approaches offer diverse perspectives for understanding behavior.
- Major approaches include Behavioral, Cognitive, Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, and Biological.
Behavioral Approach
- Focuses exclusively on observable stimuli and responses.
- Rejects the study of the mind as a valid scientific subject.
- Highlights the environment's role in shaping behavior.
- Key figures: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner.
Cognitive Approach
- Emphasizes mental processes like attention, perception, and memory.
- Argues that behavior is not merely a response to stimuli but involves complex cognitive functions.
- Gained prominence in the 1950s.
- Employs the information processing approach.
Psychodynamic Approach
- Behavior is influenced by unconscious processes beyond awareness.
- Primarily associated with Sigmund Freud, focusing on early childhood experiences.
- Highlights how unremembered childhood trauma can lead to mental health issues.
- Terms "psychodynamic" and "psychoanalytic" often refer specifically to Freud's theories.
Humanistic Approach
- Rejects deterministic views of behavior, promoting free will and personal growth.
- Central concepts include self-actualization (Abraham Maslow) and client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers).
- Focus on individual subjective experiences and intrinsic desire for growth.
- Contrasts with positivist approaches in psychology.
Sociocultural Approach
- Explores how social and cultural contexts influence thought and behavior.
- Investigates variations in behavior across different social norms and cultural groups.
Biological Approach
- Studies the link between physiological processes and behavior.
- Incorporates behavioral neuroscience and evolutionary psychology.
- Utilizes experimental methods to investigate physiological aspects of behavior.
History of Psychology
- Key figures include Dewey, Angell, and Carr, notable for opposing the reductionist view of the mind.
- Emphasized the study of consciousness as a continuous process.
- Introduced concepts of mind as functional, adaptive learning, and interaction with the environment.
Behaviorism
- Advanced by John B. Watson, focusing on observable behavior rather than the mind.
- Key figures include Pavlov, Skinner, and Thorndike.
- Aims to uncover stimulus-response (S-R) relations, emphasizing environmental influences.
Gestalt Psychology
- Emerged in early 20th-century Germany as a counter to structuralism and behaviorism.
- Focuses on perception and the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- Major contributors: Wertheimer, Kohler, Koffka.
- Emphasizes holistic experience and the importance of mental organization during perception.
Psychoanalysis
- Main proponent is Sigmund Freud, who developed a theory of personality and behavior.
- Introduces concepts like the unconscious mind and defense mechanisms.
- Structure of personality entails Id (instinctual drives), Ego (mediator), and Super-ego (moral standards).
- Psychological development occurs through psychosexual stages during childhood.
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Description
Explore the major schools of psychology and their historical contexts in this insightful quiz. Delve into key approaches such as Behavioral, Cognitive, and Psychoanalytic theories, understanding how they shape our view of human behavior. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts that have influenced modern psychological practices.
