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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic symptom of tetanus?

  • Spasmodic contraction of voluntary muscles (correct)
  • Severe headaches
  • Yellowing of the skin
  • High fever

    • What type of virus causes yellow fever?

  • Rhinovirus
  • Adenovirus
  • Coronaviruses
  • Flavivirus (correct)

    • During which period of yellow fever do symptoms typically first appear?

  • The period of invasion (correct)
  • The recovery period
  • The incubation period
  • The convalescent period

    • Which unique sign is associated with yellow fever?

    <p>Faget's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause for yellow fever epidemics according to environmental conditions?

    <p>Flooding from natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychotherapy?

    <p>To alleviate emotional disturbances and encourage personality growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic process involves intravenous injections of sodium amytal or sodium pentothal?

    <p>Narcosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biofeedback therapy aim to achieve?

    <p>Provide control over bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body functions can biofeedback therapy measure?

    <p>Heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) involve?

    <p>Passing small electric currents through the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical output does biofeedback therapy use to show the status of body functions?

    <p>Visual or auditory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of environmental intervention in treating mental health conditions?

    <p>Detoxification and changing environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism behind Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

    <p>It stimulates the brain using a magnetic field to generate electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes hypnotherapy?

    <p>Using relaxation and concentration to attain heightened consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pharmacologic management in psychotherapy?

    <p>It can aid in psychotherapy through medication prescription and review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach aims to reverse symptoms of mental health conditions through brain chemistry changes?

    <p>Electroconvulsive Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does not fall under the common incontinence classifications?

    <p>Muscular wasting and disuse atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hemodialysis primarily use to filter waste from the blood?

    <p>An artificial kidney (hemodialyzer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment involves the implantation of a catheter in the abdomen?

    <p>Peritoneal dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of dialysis in patients with kidney failure?

    <p>To filter and purify the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term end-stage renal disease signify?

    <p>The kidneys have lost almost all function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is primarily used in the intensive care unit for acute kidney failure?

    <p>Continuous renal replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetes?

    <p>Elevated levels of glucose in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is described as filtering blood through tubing and then removing waste products?

    <p>Continuous renal replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in the special report for a Category 1 unlisted service?

    <p>An adequate definition or description of the service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using codes in Category III?

    <p>To track the usage of procedures for potential permanent coding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do Category III codes remain active before being archived?

    <p>Five years after initial publication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary condition for a procedure or service to potentially receive a Category I CPT code?

    <p>Devices and drugs must have received FDA clearance when required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of health care delivery does the evaluation of these services support?

    <p>Public and private policy formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of collecting data with Category III codes?

    <p>To substantiate the widespread usage of new technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a Category III code sees no modifications within five years?

    <p>It becomes archived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for a procedure to be categorized under the Category I CPT code?

    <p>The procedure has been in practice for over ten years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subsections of codes are used for dialysis services and procedures?

    <p>90935-90999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What services are reported under the code range 92002-92499?

    <p>Intermediate and comprehensive ophthalmological services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the code range 93880-93998?

    <p>Non-invasive vascular diagnostic studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the dialysis services and procedures?

    <p>Gastric physiology services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which code range corresponds to gastric physiology services?

    <p>91010-91299</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services does the 92502-92700 code range cover?

    <p>Otorhinolaryngologic diagnostic services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a code selection within the ophthalmology services?

    <p>Whether the service was intermediate or comprehensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which services are part of the code range 94002-94799?

    <p>Pulmonary diagnostic testing and therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the anatomical direction toward the mid-line of the body?

    <p>Medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical term indicates being on the same side of the body?

    <p>Ipsilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure modifier is used to indicate that a service is a separate procedure?

    <p>Modifier 59</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of anatomical position, what does 'dorsal' refer to?

    <p>Toward the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a procedure or service that is not specifically listed in the CPT codebook?

    <p>Unlisted Procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the direction toward the tail in anatomical terminology?

    <p>Caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical term indicates a structure that is between two other structures?

    <p>Intermediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes structures that relate to organs within body cavities?

    <p>Visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by spasmodic contraction of voluntary muscles, especially in the neck and jaw?

    <p>Tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does yellow fever show an abrupt onset of symptoms?

    <p>Period of invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in patients with yellow fever that differs from other infections causing high fever?

    <p>Faget's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does biofeedback therapy primarily serve in medical treatment?

    <p>Providing visual cues for control over bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is the cause of tetanus?

    <p>Clostridium tetani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of virus is responsible for yellow fever?

    <p>Flavivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of biofeedback therapy?

    <p>To give awareness and control over physiological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers yellow fever epidemics according to environmental changes?

    <p>Increased vector populations after natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT included in the chief complaint of a medical history?

    <p>Diagnosis history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of medical decision-making complexity?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination level involves a thorough assessment beyond problem-focused?

    <p>Comprehensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>To divide the external ear from the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of anesthesia provider?

    <p>Board-certified anesthesiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasal cavity?

    <p>Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following history levels reflects a problem-focused approach?

    <p>Problem focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required before administering anesthesia to minimize risks?

    <p>Evaluation of physical examination and history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is NOT part of the ossicles?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of medical decision-making corresponds to extensive data and high risk?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within the cochlea?

    <p>Nerves for hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the vestibule play in the inner ear?

    <p>Detecting balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anesthesia codes fall within which CPT code range?

    <p>00100-01999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinuses open into the nasal cavity via the semilunar hiatus?

    <p>Maxillary and Frontal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for voice production?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiglottis?

    <p>To close off the trachea during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of a procedure or service that is commonly performed for a rare condition?

    <p>It should have low frequency of performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations maintains the HCPCS National Codes?

    <p>Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the HCPCS coding system?

    <p>To report professional services, procedures, supplies, and equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between Level I and HCPCS codes?

    <p>Level I codes are synonymous with CPT codes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key operational need met by HCPCS codes for Medicare/Medicaid?

    <p>To ensure uniform application of policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of code included in HCPCS Level I?

    <p>Category IV codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of the HCPCS coding system that enhances medical education and research?

    <p>To provide regional and national cost comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Level II HCPCS codes?

    <p>They report most medical services and supplies for Medicaid patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'unilateral' signify in anatomical terminology?

    <p>Involving one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of anatomical directions, which term refers to a structure that is located toward the front?

    <p>Rostral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modifier is used to indicate that a procedure is considered a separate procedure?

    <p>Modifier 59</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical term refers to the area that is between two structures?

    <p>Intermediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes structures that are relatable to body cavity walls?

    <p>Parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is classified as a type of urinary incontinence?

    <p>Intrinsic sphincter deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes hemodialysis from other types of dialysis?

    <p>It utilizes an artificial kidney to filter waste from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dialysis is primarily used in intensive care units for acute kidney failure?

    <p>Continuous renal replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a peritoneal dialysis catheter?

    <p>To assist with fluid removal through the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition best fits end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

    <p>The final stage of chronic kidney disease where kidneys cease to function adequately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Return blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pulmonary valve in the heart?

    <p>Regulates flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes atherosclerosis?

    <p>A disease process leading to plaque buildup in vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes systemic circulation from pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Systemic circulation carries oxygen-rich blood to the body, while pulmonary carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cerebrovascular' refer to?

    <p>Referring to the blood vessels of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair correctly identifies the chambers of the heart?

    <p>Atria are holding chambers, while ventricles pump blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>A blood clot that travels to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm primarily serves what function in the body?

    <p>Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Small vessels connecting arteries and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'epiglottis' refer to?

    <p>A leaf-like structure that covers the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomical Directional Terms

    • Dorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the back
    • Ventral: Toward the bottom, toward the belly
    • Lateral: Toward the side, away from the mid-line
    • Medial: Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side
    • Rostral: Toward the front
    • Caudal: Toward the back, toward the tail
    • Bilateral: Involving both sides of the body
    • Unilateral: Involving one side of the body
    • Ipsilateral: On the same side of the body
    • Contralateral: On opposite sides of the body
    • Parietal: Relating to a body cavity wall
    • Visceral: Relating to organs within body cavities
    • Axial: Around a central axis
    • Intermediate: Between two structures

    Separate Procedure Modifier

    • Modifier 59 is used to indicate a procedure that is not considered a component of another procedure, but is distinct, independent, or performed on a different site or organ system.

    Unlisted Procedure Code

    • Used for services or procedures not listed in the CPT codebook, requiring "Special Report" documentation.

    Tetanus

    • An acute, often fatal disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, infecting through deep wounds.
    • Characterized by muscle spasms, especially in the neck and jaw (lockjaw).

    Yellow Fever

    • A severe infectious disease caused by a Flavivirus, also known as sylvatic fever and viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF).
    • Epidemics can occur after flooding due to natural disasters, resulting from vector habitat expansion and sanitation neglect.
    • Incubation period is 3-6 days with no symptoms.
    • The period of invasion lasts 2-5 days with symptoms including fever, headache, backache, muscle aches, nausea, and exhaustion.
    • Features a white, furry tongue coating surrounded by a red margin.
    • Unlike other high-fever infections, it results in a decreased heart rate (Faget's sign).

    Biofeedback

    • A therapy that provides visual or auditory feedback about bodily functions, allowing voluntary control over them to alleviate abnormal conditions.
    • Often uses electrical devices to convert signals like heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature into audible or visual feedback.

    The Ear

    • External ear: Contains the ear canal (connecting to the middle ear) and the tympanic membrane (eardrum).
    • Middle ear (tympanic cavity): Contains three small bones (ossicles) for transmitting sound waves: malleus, incus, and stapes.
    • Eustachian tube: Connects the middle ear to the back of the nose, equalizing pressure for proper sound transmission.
    • Inner ear: Contains the cochlea (hearing nerves), vestibule (balance receptors), and semicircular canals (balance receptors).

    Sinuses

    • Maxillary sinus: Located in the maxilla, shaped like a pyramid, and opens into the nasal cavity.
    • Frontal sinuses: Located in the frontal bone, triangular, and open into the nasal cavity.
    • Sphenoid sinuses: Located in the sphenoid bone, open into the sphenoid ethmoid recess.
    • Ethmoid sinuses: Located in the ethmoid bone, anterior, middle, and posterior, and open into the nasal cavity.

    Voice Box (Larynx)

    • A cylindrical structure of cartilage, muscles, and soft tissue containing the vocal cords.
    • The vocal cords are the opening into the trachea (windpipe) leading to the lungs.
    • Epiglottis: A flap of soft tissue located above the vocal cords.

    History Levels

    • Chief complaint: Includes the present illness(s), review of symptom(s), and past, family, and social history.
    • History Levels:
      • Problem focused: Minimal information.
      • Expanded problem focused: More information than problem focused.
      • Detailed: Comprehensive information about the complaint.
      • Comprehensive: Full review of all systems.
    • Examination Levels:
      • Problem focused: Focuses on the chief complaint.
      • Expanded problem focused: Includes the chief complaint and related systems.
      • Detailed: Detailed examination of the chief complaint and related systems.
      • Comprehensive: Examination of all systems.
    • Medical Decision-Making Complexity Levels:
      • Straightforward: Minimal diagnosis, risk, and data complexity.
      • Low: Limited diagnosis, low risk, and limited data.
      • Moderate: Multiple diagnoses, moderate risk, and moderate data complexity.
      • High: Extensive diagnoses, high risk, and extensive data complexity.

    Anesthesia Coding

    • CPT code range 00100-01999.
    • Administered by anesthesiologists or certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs).
    • Requires patient evaluation, including history and physical examination.
    • Billing and coding depend on the payer and state.

    HCPCS Level II Codes

    • Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS).
    • Uniform method for reporting professional services, procedures, supplies, and equipment not listed in the CPT coding manual.
    • Level I: CPT codes.
    • Level II: HCPCS National Codes, maintained by CMS, Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS), and Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA).
    • Purpose of HCPCS Level II Codes:
      • Meet Medicare/Medicaid operational needs.
      • Coordinate with government programs.
      • Enable consistent communication of services.
      • Ensure validity of profiles and fee schedules.
      • Enhance medical education and research.

    CPT Code Requirements

    • Procedure or service performed with frequency consistent with intended clinical use.
    • Procedure or service consistent with current medical practice.
    • Clinical efficacy of the procedure or service documented in literature.

    Anatomical Directional Terms

    • Dorsal: Towards the back or upper surface.
    • Ventral: Towards the belly or bottom.
    • Lateral: Towards the side, away from the midline.
    • Medial: Towards the midline, middle, away from the side.
    • Rostral: Towards the front.
    • Caudal: Towards the back or tail.
    • Bilateral: Involving both sides of the body.
    • Unilateral: Involving one side of the body.
    • Ipsilateral: On the same side of the body.
    • Contralateral: On opposite sides of the body.
    • Parietal: Relating to a body cavity wall.
    • Visceral: Relating to organs within body cavities.
    • Axial: Around a central axis.
    • Intermediate: Between two structures.

    Radiology Guidelines and Terms

    • Separate Procedure: A service or procedure that is considered distinct and independent from other services may be reported separately using modifier 59.
    • Unlisted Procedure: A service or procedure not listed in the CPT codebook can be reported using an "Unlisted Procedure" code and a "Special Report".

    Dialysis

    • Dialysis: Procedure that filters and purifies the blood using a machine.
    • Hemodialysis: Most common type of dialysis using an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer).
    • Peritoneal dialysis: Involves a surgically implanted catheter to filter blood through the peritoneum (abdominal membrane).
    • Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT): Used for acute kidney failure, passing blood through a filter to remove waste and water.
    • End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD): Final stage of chronic kidney disease, requiring dialysis or transplantation for survival.

    Respiratory System Terms

    • Alveolar: Tiny hollow spaces in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
    • Bronchus: Airway extending from the trachea to the lungs.
    • Bronchioles: Small airways branching from the bronchi.
    • Diaphragm: Dome-shaped muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities.
    • Epiglottis: Leaf-like structure covering the larynx, preventing food from entering the airway.

    Cardiovascular System and Organs

    • Arteries: Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
    • Veins: Blood vessels returning blood to the heart.
    • Capillaries: Small vessels connecting arteries and veins.
    • Systemic Circulation: Transports oxygen-rich blood to body tissues.
    • Pulmonary Circulation: Transports oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
    • Atherosclerosis: Disease process leading to plaque buildup inside blood vessels.
    • Atrium (Right and Left): The two upper chambers of the heart.
    • Carotid Artery: Major artery in the neck supplying blood to the brain.
    • Cerebral Embolism: Blood clot traveling from one part of the body to the brain, blocking an artery.
    • Cerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel.
    • Cerebral Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot in an artery supplying the brain.
    • Cerebrovascular: Pertaining to the blood vessels of the brain.
    • Pulmonary: Pertaining to the lungs and respiratory system.
    • Pulmonary Embolism: Blood clot traveling to the lungs.
    • Pulmonary Valve: Heart valve regulating blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
    • Pulmonary Vein: Blood vessel returning oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

    Surgical Packages and Unbundling

    • Unbundling: Improperly assigning multiple codes to procedures when a single comprehensive code should be used.
    • Billable Services NOT included in Surgical Package:
      • Services of other physicians related to the surgery.
      • Visits unrelated to the surgical diagnosis.
      • Treatment for the underlying condition or an added course of treatment.
      • Diagnostic tests and procedures.
      • Distinct surgical procedures during the post-operative period (not reoperations or complications).
      • Treatment for post-operative complications requiring a return to the operating room (OR).
    • OR definition: A specifically equipped location staffed for performing procedures.
    • More Extensive Procedure: If an initial procedure fails and a more extensive procedure is required, the second procedure is payable separately.

    Vaccination and Toxoids (90476-90756)

    • Immunity: The body's ability to defend itself against foreign substances.
    • Antigen: Foreign substance that can cause illness.
    • Vaccines and Toxoids: Weakened viruses or bacteria injected to stimulate an immune response.
    • Vaccination Codes: Categorized by route of administration, patient age, and number of administrations.
    • Routes of Administration:
      • Percutaneous: Through the skin.
      • Intradermal: Into the skin.
      • Intramuscular: Into a muscle.
      • Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin.
      • Intranasal: Into the nasal cavity.
      • Oral: Into the mouth.
    • Add-on Codes: Used for each additional vaccination or toxoid administration after the initial one.

    Psychiatry Services and Procedures (90785-90899)

    • Psychiatry: Medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating mental disorders.
    • Psychiatric Consultations: Provided by a psychiatrist for patients whose primary care provider requests consultation.
    • Psychotherapy: Treatment of emotional, behavioral, and psychiatric disorders using verbal or nonverbal communication techniques.
    • E/M Services: Evaluation and Management services for health assessments and medication monitoring can be provided alongside psychotherapy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in psychology and medical health, including symptoms of diseases like tetanus and yellow fever, as well as various therapeutic processes such as biofeedback and ECT. This quiz covers the intersection of psychology, therapy methods, and environmental health conditions.

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